ArticleThe Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy2021
Two-dose emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide plus bictegravir prophylaxis protects macaques against SHIV infection.
Article in The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antiretroviral Postexposure Prophylaxis After Sexual, Injection Drug Use, or Other Nonoccupational Exposure to HIV - CDC Recommendations, United States, 2025.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2025Guideline
- Trends in Persons Prescribed HIV Postexposure Prophylaxis in the United States, 2015-2023.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Estimated benefits of providing on-demand pre-exposure prophylaxis options for cisgender women in South Africa: A modeling study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Anal Sex and Tenofovir Douche Sequence Impacts Colorectal Distribution of HIV Surrogate and Douche: DREAM-02.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Review
- Preventing HIV in women in Africa.Nature medicine · 2025Review
- Coformulated Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide for Postexposure Prophylaxis After Sexual Assault: A Retrospective Real-World Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Defining blood hematology reference values in female pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) using the Isolation Forest algorithm.Journal of medical primatology · 2024Article
- Post-exposure prophylaxis to prevent HIV: new drugs, new approaches, and more questions.The lancet. HIV · 2023Review
- Long-acting lenacapavir acts as an effective preexposure prophylaxis in a rectal SHIV challenge macaque model.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Article
- Pharmacology of boosted and unboosted integrase strand transfer inhibitors for two-dose event-driven HIV prevention regimens among men.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2023Article
- Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide for HIV-1: What is the Hidden Potential of This Emerging Treatment?HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Review
- The predictive value of macaque models of preexposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2022Review
- Antiretroviral drug exposure in urethral and glans surface sampling of the penis.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesCurrent prophylaxis options for people at risk for HIV infection include two US FDA-approved daily pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) regimens and guidelines for a 2-1-1 event-driven course specifically for men who have sex with men. Despite this, PrEP use rates remain suboptimal, and additional PrEP options may help to improve uptake among diverse populations. Here, we evaluated protective efficacy of two-dose PrEP and two-dose postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) schedules with emtricitabine (FTC)/tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) with or without bictegravir (BIC) in an SHIV macaque model.
methodsMacaques received one oral dose of 200 mg emtricitabine, 25 mg tenofovir alafenamide and 25-100 mg of bictegravir to establish pharmacokinetic profiles of each drug either in the plasma or the peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Protective efficacy of multiple two-dose PrEP and PEP schedules with FTC/TAF with or without bictegravir was then assessed in two repeat low-dose rectal SHIV challenge studies.
resultsThe data revealed over 95% per-exposure risk reduction with FTC/TAF PrEP initiated 2 h before the exposure, but a loss of significant protection with treatment initiation postexposure. In contrast, FTC/TAF plus BIC offered complete protection as PrEP and greater than 80% per-exposure risk reduction with treatment initiation up to 24 h postexposure.
conclusionsTogether, these results demonstrate that two-dose schedules can protect macaques against SHIV acquisition and highlight the protective advantage of adding the integrase inhibitor bictegravir to the reverse transcriptase inhibitors emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide as part of event-driven prophylaxis.
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