ArticlePloS one2020
Histological, immunohistochemical and transcriptomic characterization of human tracheoesophageal fistulas.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Preexisting neural factors that contribute to dysmotility in esophageal atresia: a systematic review.Pediatric surgery international · 2022Pooled it
- High-resolution 3D micro-CT reveals an additional muscle layer in esophageal atresia.Esophagus : official journal of the Japan Esophageal Society · 2026Article
- An atypical variant of congenital bronchoesophageal fistula associated with esophageal atresia and right main bronchial atresia and right lung hypoplasia in a preterm neonate: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2026Article
- Bronchoscopic management of airway fistulas: a clinical analysis of 45 cases with integrated bioinformatic analysis.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Comprehensive Insights into Tracheoesophageal Fistula Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Future Directions.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Single-cell analysis reveals the spatial-temporal expression of genes associated with esophageal malformations.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Wnt signaling regulates ion channel expression to promote smooth muscle and cartilage formation in developing mouse trachea.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2023Article
- Wnt signaling regulates ion channel expression to promote smooth muscle and cartilage formation in developing mouse trachea.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- BMP4 and Wnt signaling interact to promote mouse tracheal mesenchyme morphogenesis.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2022Article
- Lung epithelium development and airway regeneration.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Developmental basis of trachea-esophageal birth defects.Developmental biology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Esophageal atresia (EA) and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) are relatively frequently occurring foregut malformations. EA/TEF is thought to have a strong genetic component. Not much is known regarding the biological processes disturbed or which cell type is affected in patients. This hampers the detection of the responsible culprits (genetic or environmental) for the origin of these congenital anatomical malformations. Therefore, we examined gene expression patterns in the TEF and compared them to the patterns in esophageal, tracheal and lung control samples. We studied tissue organization and key proteins using immunohistochemistry. There were clear differences between TEF and control samples. Based on the number of differentially expressed genes as well as histological characteristics, TEFs were most similar to normal esophagus. The BMP-signaling pathway, actin cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix pathways are downregulated in TEF. Genes involved in smooth muscle contraction are overexpressed in TEF compared to esophagus as well as trachea. These enriched pathways indicate myofibroblast activated fibrosis. TEF represents a specific tissue type with large contributions of intestinal smooth muscle cells and neurons. All major cell types present in esophagus are present-albeit often structurally disorganized-in TEF, indicating that its etiology should not be sought in cell fate specification.
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