ReviewRheumatology international2021
Statistical data presentation: a primer for rheumatology researchers.
Review in Rheumatology international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Statistical Competence and Editorial Policies in Biomedical Publications.Journal of Korean medical science · 2026Review
- TheJournal of Korean medical science · 2025Review
- Development and validation of a novel public prediction platform for deciduous caries in preschool children: an observational study from Northwest China.BMC pediatrics · 2025Observational
- Methodological and Statistical Considerations for Cross-Sectional, Case-Control, and Cohort Studies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Data Distribution: Normal or Abnormal?Journal of Korean medical science · 2024Review
- Replication and Reproducibility and the Self-Correction of Science: What CanJID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2023Article
- COVID-19's impact on interest in gastrointestinal topics.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Google searches for bruxism, teeth grinding, and teeth clenching during the COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2022Article
- How to Prepare Our Research for Publication in Medical Journals?Turkish archives of pediatrics · 2022Article
- Validity and psychometric characteristics of the self-administered comorbidity questionnaire in patients with psoriatic arthritis.Rheumatology international · 2022Article
- Public interest in musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic : Infodemiology study.Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2022Article
- Long COVID: rheumatologic/musculoskeletal symptoms in hospitalized COVID-19 survivors at 3 and 6 months.Clinical rheumatology · 2022Article
- Formulating Hypotheses for Different Study Designs.Journal of Korean medical science · 2021Review
- Effectiveness of peloid therapy in patients with chronic low back pain: a single-blind controlled study.International journal of biometeorology · 2021Article
- Outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A multicenter research network study in the United States.Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism · 2021Article
- Review
- Postdischarge rheumatic and musculoskeletal symptoms following hospitalization for COVID-19: prospective follow-up by phone interviews.Rheumatology international · 2021Article
- Public interest in spa therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic: analysis of Google Trends data among Turkey.International journal of biometeorology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Statistical presentation of data is key to understanding patterns and drawing inferences about biomedical phenomena. In this article, we provide an overview of basic statistical considerations for data analysis. Assessment of whether tested parameters are distributed normally is important to decide whether to employ parametric or non-parametric data analyses. The nature of variables (continuous or discrete) also determines analysis strategies. Normally distributed data can be presented using means with standard deviations (SD), whereas non-parametric measures such as medians (with range or interquartile range) should be used for non-normal distributions. While the SD provides a measure of data dispersion, the standard error provides estimates of the 95% confidence interval i.e. the actual mean in the population. Univariable analyses should be directed to denote effect sizes, as well as test a priori hypothesis (i.e. null hypothesis significance testing). Univariable analyses should be followed up by suitable adjusted multivariable analyses such as linear or logistic regression. Linear correlation statistics can help assess whether two variables change hand in hand. Concordance rather than correlation should be used to compare outcome measures of disease states. Prior sample size calculation to ensure adequate study power is recommended for studies which have analogues in the literature with SDs. Statistical considerations for systematic reviews should include appropriate use of meta-analysis, assessment of heterogeneity, publication bias assessment when there are more than ten studies, and quality assessment of studies. Since statistical errors are responsible for a significant proportion of retractions, appropriate statistical analysis is mandatory during study planning and data analysis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
33201265What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.