ArticleInternational ophthalmology2021
Risk factors and association with severity of keratoconus: the Australian study of Keratoconus.
Article in International ophthalmology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Common and Distinct Features in Serum Proteomic Profiles in Keratoconus, Post-Laser Vision Correction Ectasia, and Pellucid Marginal Degeneration.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Causal Relationship Between Common Allergic Diseases and Keratoconus: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Self-reported prevalence and risk factors associated with keratoconus among the adult population of Trinidad and Tobago: a cross-sectional study.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Exploring New Links Among Keratoconus, Hormonal Factors, and Medications: Insights From a Case-Control Study Utilizing the All of Us Database.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- Keratoconus.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2024Article
- Mendelian Randomisation Analysis of Causal Association between Lifestyle, Health Factors, and Keratoconus.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A high body mass index strengthens the association between the time of eye rubbing and keratoconus in a Chinese population: a case control study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Keratoconus International Consortium (KIC)- advancing keratoconus research.BMC ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Unravelling the Impact of Cyclic Mechanical Stretch in Keratoconus-A Transcriptomic Profiling Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Colombian Ocular Diseases Epidemiology Study (CODES): incidence and sociodemographic characterisation of keratoconus between 2015 and 2020.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Sequence variants contributing to dysregulated inflammatory responses across keratoconic cone surface in adolescent patients with keratoconus.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Sleep and eye disease: A review.Clinical & experimental ophthalmology · 2022Review
- Parental Keratoconus Literacy: A Socioeconomic Perspective.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
- New Keratoconus Risk Factors: A Cross-Sectional Case-Control Study.Journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Environmental Risk Factors Associated With the Need for Penetrating Keratoplasty in Patients With Keratoconus.Cureus · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
significanceOur results show that asthmatic patients tend to have more severe KC and thus close monitoring for disease progression would be advised, and appropriate treatment strategies may be actioned stabilise the condition that may reduce the need for future corneal transplantation. PURPOSE: To explore a wide range of risk factors associated with the severity of keratoconus (KC).
methodsA cross-sectional study of KC patients was undertaken in Melbourne, Australia. A questionnaire addressing age, gender, educational background, ocular and medical history, smoking and alcohol consumption, and physical examination comprising anthropometric measurements was collected; eye examination was undertaken. The associations between a range of risk factors and the severity of KC were determined using univariate and multivariable linear regression analyses.
resultsA total of 260 KC subjects were included in this study. Mean age of subject was 35.5 (SD = 14.8) years and the majority of the subjects were European 171 (68.2%). Initial univariate regression analysis identified the following risk factors at the p < 0.1 level with KC: higher body mass index, smoking cigarettes, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and asthma were associated with increased severity of KC, whereas eczema was associated with less severe KC. Following multivariable regression analysis, only asthma remained as a significant risk factor associated with 2.2 diopters (D) steeper average mean keratometry compared to KC subjects having no asthma [p = 0.03; β = 2.18; 95% confidence intervals: 1.22, 4.14].
conclusionOur study describes the comprehensive assessment of all the known risk factors in a large KC cohort recruited in Australia. Our study has reported asthma as the only risk factor found to be significantly associated with the severity of KC. The results of this study allow us to better understand the aetiology of KC and such knowledge could be useful in instigate systemic management of patients to slow or prevent KC.
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Registered trials
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