ArticleNephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association2021
High levels of gut-homing immunoglobulin A+ B lymphocytes support the pathogenic role of intestinal mucosal hyperresponsiveness in immunoglobulin A nephropathy patients.
Article in Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut Microbiome Characteristics in IgA Nephropathy: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis from Observational Studies.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Pooled it
- APRIL: spring forward also for IgA vasculitis nephritis in children.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Targeting the B-Cell Activating Factor and a Proliferation-Inducing Ligand Pathway in IgAN: From Disease Pathogenesis to Clinical Trial Evidence.Kidney international reports · 2026Review
- IgA nephropathy: an overview of the disease, its pathophysiology, and involvement of the gut-kidney axis.Kidney international supplements · 2026Review
- Timing of treatment-switch to telitacicept in high-risk IgA nephropathy: an observational case series of two clinical scenarios.BMC nephrology · 2026Observational
- Human Blood IgAEuropean journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Review
- Comparative effectiveness of budesonide EC and telitacicept in proteinuria and eGFR trajectories in IgA nephropathy: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The role of mucosal immune dysregulation in the pathogenesis of immunoglobulin A nephropathy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Targeted modulation of intestinal barrier and mucosal immune-related microbiota attenuates IgA nephropathy progression.Gut microbes · 2025Article
- BAFF in autoimmune kidney diseases: pathogenic pathways, biomarker potential, and therapeutic horizons.Renal failure · 2025Review
- Review
- The beneficial effect of adding belimumab in severe and refractory IgA nephropathy: a case report.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Article
- Gut Microbiota and Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy: Exploration of Dietary Intervention and Treatment Strategies.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- IgA class-switched CD27-CD21+ B cells in IgA nephropathy.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2025Article
- Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Analysis Provides Insights into IgA Nephropathy.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Exploring the role of APRIL in autoimmunity: implications for therapeutic targeting in systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjögren's syndrome.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy and implications for treatment.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2025Review
- Characteristics, pathogenic and therapeutic role of gut microbiota in immunoglobulin A nephropathy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Immune Cell Characteristics in a Gut-Kidney Axis-Induced Mouse Model of IgA Nephropathy: The Upregulated Dendritic Cells and Neutrophils.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
15 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundImmunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most frequent primary glomerulonephritis. The role of the microbiota and mucosal immunity in the pathogenesis of IgAN remains a key element. To date, the hypothetical relationship between commensal bacteria, elevated tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily member 13 [also known as B-cell activating factor (BAFF)] levels, perturbed homoeostasis of intestinal-activated B cells and intestinal IgA class switch has not been clearly shown in IgAN patients.
methodsWe studied the intestinal-renal axis connections, analysing levels of BAFF, TNF ligand superfamily member 13 (APRIL) and intestinal-activated B cells in IgAN patients, healthy subjects (HSs) and patients with non-IgA glomerulonephritides.
resultsIgAN patients had increased serum levels of BAFF cytokine, correlating with higher amounts of five specific microbiota metabolites, and high APRIL cytokine serum levels. We also found that subjects with IgAN have a higher level of circulating gut-homing (CCR9+ β7 integrin+) regultory B cells, memory B cells and IgA+ memory B cells compared with HSs. Finally, we found that IgAN patients had high levels of both total plasmablasts (PBs) and intestinal-homing PBs. Interestingly, PBs significantly increased in IgAN but not in patients with other glomerulonephritides.
conclusionsOur results demonstrate a significant difference in the amount of intestinal-activated B lymphocytes between IgAN patients and HSs, confirming the hypothesis of the pathogenic role of intestinal mucosal hyperresponsiveness in IgAN. The intestinal-renal axis plays a crucial role in IgAN and several factors may contribute to its complex pathogenesis and provide an important area of research for novel targeted therapies to modulate progression of the disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.