Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33200146›Full record

ArticlemedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences2020

Protective behaviours and secondary harms from non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 epidemic in South Africa: a multisite prospective longitudinal study.

Guy Harling, Francesc Xavier Gómez-Olivé, Joseph Tlouyamma, Tinofa Mutevedzi, Chodziwadziwa Whiteson Kabudula, Ruth Mahlako, Urisha Singh, Daniel Ohene-Kwofie, Rose Buckland, Pedzisai Ndagurwa and 11 more

Open access · greenAbstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.

Guy HarlingAfrica Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Francesc Xavier Gómez-OlivéMRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Joseph TlouyammaDIMAMO Population Health Research Centre, School of Health Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Limpopo, Limpopo, South Africa.
Tinofa MutevedziDSI-MRC South African Population Research Infrastructure Network, South Africa.
Chodziwadziwa Whiteson KabudulaMRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Ruth MahlakoDIMAMO Population Health Research Centre, School of Health Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Limpopo, Limpopo, South Africa.
Urisha SinghAfrica Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Daniel Ohene-KwofieMRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Rose BucklandAfrica Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Pedzisai NdagurwaMRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Dickman GaretaAfrica Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Resign GundaAfrica Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Thobeka MngomezuluAfrica Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Siyabonga NxumaloAfrica Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Emily B WongAfrica Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Kathleen KahnMRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Mark J SiednerAfrica Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Eric MaimelaDIMAMO Population Health Research Centre, School of Health Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Limpopo, Limpopo, South Africa.
Stephen TollmanMRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Mark CollinsonMRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Kobus HerbstAfrica Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Africa Health Research Institute · ZAUniversity of the Witwatersrand · ZAUniversity of Limpopo · ZAHarvard University · USUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham · US

Funding

Studies of Mucosal Associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells in people with HIV, TB and HIV/TB co-infection in South AfricaK08AI118538 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI WONG, EMILY BETH · 2015 to 2019
$950k
Quantification of patterns of multimorbidity to develop effective and efficient models of HIV, TB and NCD co-care in rural South AfricaR21TW011687 · FIC · KWAZULU-NATAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE TB-HIV · PI TANSER, FRANK COURTENEY, WONG, EMILY BETH · 2020 to 2021
$347k
FIC NIH HHS R21 TW011687NIAID NIH HHS K08 AI118538Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn March 2020 South Africa implemented strict non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to contain Covid-19. Over the subsequent five months NPIs were eased in stages according to national strategy. Covid-19 spread throughout the country heterogeneously, reaching rural areas by July and peaking in July-August. Data on the impact of NPI policies on social and economic wellbeing and access to healthcare is limited. We therefore analysed how rural residents of three South African provinces changed their behaviour during the first epidemic wave.

methodsThe South African Population Research Infrastructure Network (SAPRIN) nodes in Mpumalanga (Agincourt), KwaZulu-Natal (AHRI) and Limpopo (DIMAMO) provinces conducted longitudinal telephone surveys among randomly sampled households from rural and peri-urban surveillance populations every 2-3 weeks. Interviews included questions on: Covid-19 knowledge and behaviours; health and economic impact of NPIs; and mental health.

results2262 households completed 10,966 interviews between April and August 2020. By August, self-reported satisfaction with Covid-19 knowledge had risen from 48% to 85% and facemask use to over 95%. As selected NPIs were eased mobility increased, and economic losses and anxiety and depression symptoms fell. When Covid-19 cases spiked at one node in July, movement dropped rapidly, and missed daily medication rates doubled. Economic concerns and mental health symptoms were lower in households receiving a greater number of government-funded old-age pensions.

conclusionsSouth Africans reported complying with stringent Covid-19 NPIs despite the threat of substantial social, economic and health repercussions. Government-supported social welfare programmes appeared to buffer interruptions in income and healthcare access during local outbreaks. Epidemic control policies must be balanced against impacts on wellbeing in resource-limited settings and designed with parallel support systems where they threaten income and basic service access.

Identifiers

PMID33200146
PMCPMC7668759
OpenAlexW3104968409

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.