ReviewExperimental and therapeutic medicine2020
Lactoferrin for the treatment of COVID-19 (Review).
Review in Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04847791 (Lactoferrin for Treatment of Acute COVID-19 Infection in Hospitalized Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Lactoferrin for Treatment of Acute COVID-19 Infection in Hospitalized Patients: a Double-blind Multicenter Placebo-controlled Randomized Trial
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19 in comorbid chronic diseased patients, pregnant and lactating women: pathophysiology, available drug treatment, and the most suitable protocol regimen in each group.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of Lactoferrin on Clinical Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: The LAC Randomized Clinical Trial.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- The Prospect of Lactoferrin Use as Adjunctive Agent in Management of SARS-CoV-2 Patients: A Randomized Pilot Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Trial
- Article
- Whey Proteins and Immunity: Mechanisms Underlying Immune System Reinforcement and Protection Against Viral and Bacterial Infections.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Evaluation and Characterization of Acute respiratory distress syndrome in tree shrews through TMT proteomic method.PloS one · 2025Article
- Assessment of Supplementation with Different Biomolecules in the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Characterization of bovine vaginal microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing: associations with host fertility, longevity, health, and production.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A common regulatory haplotype doubles lactoferrin concentration in milk.Genetics, selection, evolution : GSE · 2024Article
- Milk Antiviral Proteins and Derived Peptides against Zoonoses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Immunomodulatory effect of bovine lactoferrin during SARS-CoV-2 infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Iron and iron-related proteins in COVID-19.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Review
- Antiviral foods in the battle against viral infections: Understanding the molecular mechanism.Food science & nutrition · 2023Review
- Targeted Application of Functional Foods as Immune Fitness Boosters in the Defense against Viral Infection.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Liposomal Lactoferrin Exerts Antiviral Activity against HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2 Pseudoviruses In Vitro.Viruses · 2023Article
- Lactoferrin and its role in biotechnological strategies for plant defense against pathogens.Transgenic research · 2023Review
- Potential of Lactoferrin in the Treatment of Lung Diseases.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Investigation of shared genes and regulatory mechanisms associated with coronavirus disease 2019 and ischemic stroke.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Lactoferrin-The Health-Promoting Properties and Contemporary Application with Genetic Aspects.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Early Outpatient Treatment of COVID-19: A Retrospective Analysis of 392 Cases in Italy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The clinical outcomes of elderly individuals and those with underlying diseases affected by COVID-19 are serious, and may result in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and even mortality. Currently, the clinical treatments for COVID-19 mostly involve symptom alleviation measures and non-specific broad spectrum antiviral drugs, as highly effective antiviral drugs and vaccines are not yet available. Lactoferrin (LF) is a safe iron-binding glycoprotein that is present in the milk of the majority of mammals and exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity, including against coronaviruses. In addition, LF also exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-infective and immune-regulating properties, which are in line with the treatment requirements for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, the use of LF may be of value in the prevention and/or management of COVID-19. The aim of the present review was to summarize the previous reports on the antiviral properties of LF and compare these with the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection, in order to determine whether LF could be used to assist in the prevention of COVID-19 and to investigate the possible underlying mechanisms governing its mode of action.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.