Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33199507›Full record

ArticleCMAJ open

Time trends and predictors of laboratory-confirmed recurrent and severe

Seth R Shaffer, Zoann Nugent, Andrew Walkty, B Nancy Yu, Lisa M Lix, Laura E Targownik, Charles N Bernstein, Harminder Singh

Open access · diamondAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in CMAJ open. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
0.0field-weighted citation impact, top 58% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Seth R ShafferInternal Medicine (Shaffer, Nugent, Walkty, Bernstein, Singh), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre (Shaffer), University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Ill.; CancerCare Manitoba, Research Institute (Nugent, Singh); Community Health Sciences (Yu, Lix, Singh), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of Epidemiology and Population Health (Yu), BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC; Division of Gastroenterology (Targownik), Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
Zoann NugentInternal Medicine (Shaffer, Nugent, Walkty, Bernstein, Singh), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre (Shaffer), University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Ill.; CancerCare Manitoba, Research Institute (Nugent, Singh); Community Health Sciences (Yu, Lix, Singh), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of Epidemiology and Population Health (Yu), BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC; Division of Gastroenterology (Targownik), Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
Andrew WalktyInternal Medicine (Shaffer, Nugent, Walkty, Bernstein, Singh), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre (Shaffer), University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Ill.; CancerCare Manitoba, Research Institute (Nugent, Singh); Community Health Sciences (Yu, Lix, Singh), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of Epidemiology and Population Health (Yu), BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC; Division of Gastroenterology (Targownik), Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
B Nancy YuInternal Medicine (Shaffer, Nugent, Walkty, Bernstein, Singh), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre (Shaffer), University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Ill.; CancerCare Manitoba, Research Institute (Nugent, Singh); Community Health Sciences (Yu, Lix, Singh), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of Epidemiology and Population Health (Yu), BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC; Division of Gastroenterology (Targownik), Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
Lisa M LixInternal Medicine (Shaffer, Nugent, Walkty, Bernstein, Singh), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre (Shaffer), University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Ill.; CancerCare Manitoba, Research Institute (Nugent, Singh); Community Health Sciences (Yu, Lix, Singh), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of Epidemiology and Population Health (Yu), BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC; Division of Gastroenterology (Targownik), Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
Laura E TargownikInternal Medicine (Shaffer, Nugent, Walkty, Bernstein, Singh), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre (Shaffer), University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Ill.; CancerCare Manitoba, Research Institute (Nugent, Singh); Community Health Sciences (Yu, Lix, Singh), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of Epidemiology and Population Health (Yu), BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC; Division of Gastroenterology (Targownik), Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
Charles N BernsteinInternal Medicine (Shaffer, Nugent, Walkty, Bernstein, Singh), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre (Shaffer), University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Ill.; CancerCare Manitoba, Research Institute (Nugent, Singh); Community Health Sciences (Yu, Lix, Singh), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of Epidemiology and Population Health (Yu), BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC; Division of Gastroenterology (Targownik), Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
Harminder SinghInternal Medicine (Shaffer, Nugent, Walkty, Bernstein, Singh), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre (Shaffer), University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Ill.; CancerCare Manitoba, Research Institute (Nugent, Singh); Community Health Sciences (Yu, Lix, Singh), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man.; Division of Epidemiology and Population Health (Yu), BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC; Division of Gastroenterology (Targownik), Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. Harminder.singh@umanitoba.ca.
CancerCare Manitoba · CAAIDS Vancouver · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMany previous studies of

methodsWe conducted a population-based historical cohort study using Manitoba Health's population-wide laboratory-based CDI data set linked to administrative health databases. All individuals living in Manitoba and experiencing a CDI episode between 2005 and 2015 were included (

resultsBetween 2005 and 2009, overall CDI diagnoses decreased by an average of 12.6% per year (95% confidence interval [CI] -4.4 to -20.0), with no statistically significant change from 2010 to 2015. In stratified analysis, incident and recurrent CDI had a similar decrease in the initial study time period and then stabilized. The proportion of community-associated CDI cases increased by an average of 4.8% per year (95% CI 2.8 to 6.8) during the study period. CDI acquired in a health care facility had a higher recurrence rate and more severe outcomes. Recurrence of CDI increased the likelihood of admission to hospital.

interpretationBetween 2005 and 2015, the rates of overall laboratory-confirmed CDI, incident CDI, recurrent CDI and severe outcomes following CDI initially decreased before stabilizing, and an increasing proportion of CDI cases were community-associated. There is an increasing need to test for CDI among outpatients with diarrhea and to increase efforts to prevent recurrent CDI.

Indexed as

Clostridioides difficileAgedAged, 80 and overClostridium InfectionsCohort StudiesCross InfectionDatabases, FactualFemaleHumansIncidenceInfectious Disease MedicineMaleManitobaMiddle AgedMultivariate AnalysisProportional Hazards Models

Identifiers

PMID33199507
PMCPMC7676992
OpenAlexW3105281649

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.