ArticleBMC public health2020
Potentially toxic element (PTE) levels in maize, soil, and irrigation water and health risks through maize consumption in northern Ningxia, China.
Article in BMC public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessing the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks associated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in vegetables from Gombe Markets, Northern Nigeria.Environmental analysis, health and toxicology · 2025Article
- Health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in bread from Iranian markets using Monte Carlo simulation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Folcisteine Safeguards Maize Against Copper-Cadmium Stress by Boosting the Activity of Photosynthesis-Related Enzymes and Antioxidant Defense Systems, Mediating Ascorbate-Glutathione Pathways and Hormonal Regulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Human health risk assessment of arsenic and potentially toxic elements exposure in bread and wheat flour in Northeast Iran.PloS one · 2025Article
- Mitigating toxic metals contamination in foods: Bridging knowledge gaps for addressing food safety.Trends in food science & technology · 2024Article
- Overexpression of bacterial γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase increases toxic metal(loid)s tolerance and accumulation in Crambe abyssinica.Plant cell reports · 2024Article
- Spatial distribution of potentially toxic elements in e-waste contaminated site at Akwatia-Line, Kumasi, Ghana.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of organic compounds and heavy metals in electronic cigarettes.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Assessment of the Levels of Potentially Toxic Elements Contained in Natural Bentonites Collected from Quarries in Turkey.ACS omega · 2023Article
- Potential Risk, Spatial Distribution, and Soil Identification of Potentially Toxic Elements inInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Article
- Integrated review of the nexus between toxic elements in the environment and human health.AIMS public health · 2022Review
- Spatial distribution and risk assessment of fluorine and cadmium in rice, corn, and wheat grains in most karst regions of Guizhou province, China.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Heavy metal contamination assessment and probabilistic health risks in soil and maize near coal mines.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIndustrial and agricultural activities result in elevated levels of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the local environment. PTEs can enter the human body through the food chain and pose severe health risks to inhabitants. In this study, PTE levels in maize, soil, and irrigation water were detected, and health risks through maize consumption were evaluated.
methodsMaize, soil, and irrigation water samples were collected in northern Ningxia, China. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry was applied to determine the contents of six PTEs. Bioaccumulation factor was used to reflect the transfer potential of a metal from soil to maize. Health risks associated with maize consumption were assessed by deterministic and probabilistic estimation. Sensitivity analysis was performed to determine variables that pose the greatest effect on health risk results.
resultsThe levels of Pb and Cr in maize exceeded the standards, while the PTE levels in soil and irrigation water did not exceed the corresponding standards. The bioaccumulation factor values of the six PTEs in maize were all lower than 1 and followed the order of Cd > Zn = As > Cr > Cu > Pb. The hazard index (0.0986) was far less than 1 for all inhabitants implying no obvious non-carcinogenic risk. The carcinogenic risk value was 3.261 × 10
conclusionsMaize was contaminated by Pb and Cr, whereas the associated soil and irrigation water were not contaminated by PTEs. Inhabitants would not suffer obvious harmful health risks through maize consumption. Arsenic level and daily intake of maize were the most sensitive factors that impact health risks.
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