ReviewNutrients2020
What Should I Eat before Exercise? Pre-Exercise Nutrition and the Response to Endurance Exercise: Current Prospective and Future Directions.
Review in Nutrients, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fed, not fasted: is carbohydrate mouth rinsing still ergogenic? A three-level meta-analysis.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of interventions targeting modifiable factors that impact dietary intake in athletes.The British journal of nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- The Ergogenic Effects of Acute Carbohydrate Feeding on Resistance Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Pooled it
- The Effects of Concurrent Training Combined with Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Ketogenic Diet on Body Composition and Aerobic Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Factors Influencing AMPK Activation During Cycling Exercise: A Pooled Analysis and Meta-Regression.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Pooled it
- Exercise with fasting or isotonic drink? A randomized controlled trial in youth elite basketball players.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025Trial
- Associations between muscle quality and whole-body vibration exercise-induced changes in plasma hypoxanthine following an oral glucose load in healthy male subjects.Endocrine journal · 2025Trial
- Assessment of Urolithin A effects on muscle endurance, strength, inflammation, oxidative stress, and protein metabolism in male athletes with resistance training: an 8-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2024Trial
- Dose-response effect of pre-exercise carbohydrates under muscle glycogen unavailability: Insights from McArdle disease.Journal of sport and health science · 2024Trial
- Effects of Trehalose Solutions at Different Concentrations on High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise Performance.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Anthocyanin-Induced Alterations in Substrate Oxidation During Exercise: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Understanding the Behavioural Determinants of Nutrition Practices in Ultra-Endurance Runners in Ireland.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Adulteration of Sports Supplements with Anabolic Steroids-From Innocent Athlete to Vicious Cheater.Nutrients · 2025Review
- A Review of Carbohydrate Supplementation Approaches and Strategies for Optimizing Performance in Elite Long-Distance Endurance.Nutrients · 2025Review
- An investigation into how the timing of nutritional supplements affects the recovery from post-exercise fatigue: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Nutritional Prehabilitation in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery-A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Mind the gap: limited knowledge of carbohydrate guidelines for competition in an international cohort of endurance athletes.Journal of nutritional science · 2023Article
- An assessment of the dietary habits among road cyclists competing in amateur races.Food science & nutrition · 2023Article
- Mental Performance and Sport: Caffeine and Co-consumed Bioactive Ingredients.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The primary variables influencing the adaptive response to a bout of endurance training are exercise duration and exercise intensity. However, altering the availability of nutrients before and during exercise can also impact the training response by modulating the exercise stimulus and/or the physiological and molecular responses to the exercise-induced perturbations. The purpose of this review is to highlight the current knowledge of the influence of pre-exercise nutrition ingestion on the metabolic, physiological, and performance responses to endurance training and suggest directions for future research. Acutely, carbohydrate ingestion reduces fat oxidation, but there is little evidence showing enhanced fat burning capacity following long-term fasted-state training. Performance is improved following pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion for longer but not shorter duration exercise, while training-induced performance improvements following nutrition strategies that modulate carbohydrate availability vary based on the type of nutrition protocol used. Contrasting findings related to the influence of acute carbohydrate ingestion on mitochondrial signaling may be related to the amount of carbohydrate consumed and the intensity of exercise. This review can help to guide athletes, coaches, and nutritionists in personalizing pre-exercise nutrition strategies, and for designing research studies to further elucidate the role of nutrition in endurance training adaptations.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.