Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33197038›Full record

ReviewJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2022

Racism, COVID-19, and Health Inequity in the USA: a Call to Action.

Crista E Johnson-Agbakwu, Nyima S Ali, Corrina M Oxford, Shana Wingo, Emily Manin, Dean V Coonrod

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06145568 (Maternal & Infant Morbidity and Mortality), which is not on this map. Cited by 68 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
68citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06145568 not yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Maternal & Infant Morbidity and Mortality

TypeobservationalSponsorUniversity of VirginiaRan2023 to 2033Enrolled1,000ConditionsPreg Complications: Hemorrhagic, Infant, Premature, Diseases, Preg Complications: Hemorrhagic Intervillous of Placenta, Preg Complications: Bleeding From Female Genital TractArmsPregnant Women
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

68 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. The patient perspective on diversity-sensitive care: a systematic review.International journal for equity in health · 2024
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Environmental Exposures and COVID-19 Experiences in the United States, 2020-2022.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Observational
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Crista E Johnson-AgbakwuSouthwest Interdisciplinary Research Center (SIRC), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA. cejohn11@asu.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1408-6453
Nyima S AliObstetrics and Gynecology, Valleywise Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
Corrina M OxfordMaternal Fetal Medicine/Critical Care Medicine, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology-Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York City, NY, USA.
Shana WingoArizona Oncology, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
Emily ManinSouthwest Interdisciplinary Research Center (SIRC), Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
Dean V CoonrodObstetrics and Gynecology, Valleywise Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The current national COVID-19 mortality rate for Black Americans is 2.1 times higher than that of Whites. In this commentary, we provide historical context on how structural racism undergirds multi-sector policies which contribute to racial health inequities such as those highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic. We offer a concrete, actionable path forward to address structural racism and advance health equity for Black Americans through anti-racism, implicit bias, and cultural competency training; capacity building; community-based participatory research (CBPR) initiatives; validated metrics for longitudinal monitoring of efforts to address health disparities and the evaluation of those interventions; and advocacy for and empowerment of vulnerable communities. This necessitates a multi-pronged, coordinated approach led by clinicians; public health professionals; researchers; social scientists; policy-makers at all governmental levels; and local community leaders and stakeholders across the education, legal, social service, and economic sectors to proactively and systematically advance health equity for Black Americans across the USA.

Indexed as

COVID-19RacismHealth InequitiesHealth Status DisparitiesHumansPandemicsSARS-CoV-2United StatesAdvocacyCOVID-19Health disparitiesHealth inequalityStructural racism

Identifiers

PMID33197038
PMCPMC7668281

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.