ArticleForensic science, medicine, and pathology2021
An investigation of demographic and drug-use patterns in fentanyl and carfentanil deaths in Ontario.
Article in Forensic science, medicine, and pathology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Carfentanil stabilizes µ opioid receptor conformations that are ultra-efficient in inhibiting cAMP, resistant to naloxone or nalmefene but sensitive to naltrexone.Archives of toxicology · 2025Article
- Review
- A New Rat Study Suggests There May Be a Biologic Explanation for Higher Fentanyl Mortality in Men Than in Women.Cureus · 2024Article
- Interpol Review of Drug Analysis 2019-2022.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The opioid epidemic in Ontario has seen opioid-related deaths double in recent years, from 676 deaths in 2014 to 1,474 in 2018, with an overwhelming prevalence of fentanyl and fentanyl-analogues, such as carfentanil. The presence of drug paraphernalia and a history of drug-use is often a strong indicator of a drug-related death, indicating a need for toxicological analysis. Demographic and drug-related patterns associated with opioid deaths in Ontario from June 2017 to December 2018 (n = 2403) were investigated using data collected from the Coroner's Opioid Investigative Aid (OIA). This work aims to provide insight on how the opioid epidemic affects certain demographics to aid investigators conduct targeted analyses and help public health officials identify vulnerable communities. Chi-square and logistic regressions were conducted to evaluate if age and sex were predictors for the presence of drug paraphernalia, and if drug paraphernalia, sex, age, or history of drug use were associated with causes of deaths (COD). Chi-square analysis revealed that sex (p < 0.001), the presence of drug-use history (p < 0.001), and the presence of drug paraphernalia at the scene of death (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with CODs. Sex was also significantly associated with the presence of drug paraphernalia (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis indicated that age (p < 0.001) influenced the probability of opioid-related deaths. Probability models relating age to various opioid-related CODs were also generated. These results demonstrated that fentanyl-related deaths are more associated with males, younger individuals, individuals with a history or drug-use, and the presence of drug paraphernalia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.