ArticleJournal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology2021
Ontogeny of leukocyte profiles in a wild altricial passerine.
Article in Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of multi-component, dynamic begging displays as honest signals of nestling hunger.Royal Society open science · 2026Article
- Static Expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex Genes Across Life-Stages, Generations and Tissues in a Songbird.Molecular ecology · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Yolk Allocation Revisited: A Test in Starlings and a Review of Evidence in Birds.Integrative organismal biology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- An immune challenge affects growth dynamics, oxidative stress and survival in wild spotless starling nestlings.The Journal of experimental biology · 2025Article
- Timing matters: age-dependent impacts of the social environment and host selection on the avian gut microbiota.Microbiome · 2022Article
- Article
- Escalated begging does not compromise nestling health.Behavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral EcologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ecophysiological studies have highlighted the relevance of the avian immune system in individual fitness prospects in the wild. However, studies on the ontogeny of avian immunity are scarce. We analyse age-related changes in the cellular constitutive immunity throughout nestling development, as well as its relationship with sex and brood size. We found that cellular constitutive immunity could be affected by age, sex, brood size, or daily rhythm. Early-stage nestlings relied more on cells of the innate immunity rather than on cells linked to the adaptive immune system. Cellular immunity may not be fully mature in fledglings, as reflected by differences in phagocytic cell counts with regard to adults. Beyond the age-dependent effects, agranulocyte cell counts were affected by sibling competition while granulocyte cell counts showed a daily rhythm. We also show that the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio was negatively related to body weight when nestlings become more independent. Our study contributes knowledge to the fields of developmental immunology and ecological immunology based on essential components of the cellular immune system.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.