ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2021
Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on Invasive Pneumococcal Disease and Risk of Pneumococcal Coinfection With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Prospective National Cohort Study, England.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 101 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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101 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 167 citations in OpenAlex.
- Range of invasive meningococcal disease sequelae and health economic application - a systematic and clinical review.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- Multiplex real-time PCR in non-invasive respiratory samples to reduce antibiotic use in community-acquired pneumonia: a randomised trial.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- A feasibility randomised trial comparing therapeutic thoracentesis to chest tube insertion for the management of pleural infection: results from the ACTion trial.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2022Trial
- Nationwide Trends in Hospitalizations and Clinical Outcomes for Meningitis and Encephalitis: A 10-year Swiss Population-based Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Genomic and phenotypic characterization of a multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae 19 F ST320 isolate from a pediatric SARS-CoV-2 case in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Hidden burden of pneumococcal colonization in adults with viral respiratory infections: the role of influenza and RSV.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Assessment of the bacterial community of the human upper respiratory tract in patients affected by Covid-19.Genetics and molecular biology · 2026Article
- Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia: comparison of incidence, epidemiology, and clinical outcome in a pre- and post-COVID-19 period.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Article
- From Unrealistic to Functional Optimism in Illness Perception: A Psychometric Comparison Across 10 Countries.Scandinavian journal of psychology · 2025Article
- Article
- Clinical Features and Outcomes of Pneumococcal Bacteremia in Children With Sickle Cell Disease in the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Era.Pediatric blood & cancer · 2025Article
- Recent Changes in the Epidemiology of Group AMicroorganisms · 2025Review
- All-Cause and Pneumococcal Community-Acquired Pneumonia Hospitalizations Among Adults in Tennessee and Georgia.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 among patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae in Casablanca.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Serotype distribution of remaining invasive pneumococcal disease after extensive use of ten-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (the PSERENADE project): a global surveillance analysis.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Modelling the Epidemiological Impact of Different Adult Pneumococcal Vaccination Strategies in the United Kingdom.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Article
- Incidence and severity of community acquired pneumonias in children before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Article
- Coinfections and superinfections in critically ill COVID-19 patients in Ecuador: a cross-sectional study of bacterial and viral pathogens.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Epidemiology, changing resistance trends and serotypes ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStreptococcus pneumoniae coinfection with influenza results in synergistic lethality, but there are limited data on pneumococcal coinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
methodsPublic Health England conducts invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in England. IPD trends during 2000/2001-2019/2020 epidemiological years were analyzed and cases during February-June 2020 linked with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess risk factors for death.
resultsIPD incidence in 2019/2020 (7.6/100 000; n = 3964) was 30% (IRR, .70; 95% CI, .18-2.67) lower compared with 2018/2019 (10.9/100 000; n = 5666), with large reductions observed across all age groups during March-June 2020. There were 160 886 SARS-CoV-2 and 1137 IPD cases during February-June 2020, including 40 IPD/coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) co-infections (.025% [95% CI, .018-.034] of SARS-CoV-2 infections; 3.5% [2.5-4.8] of IPD cases), 21 with COVID-19 diagnosed 3-27 days after IPD, and 27 who developed COVID-19 ≥28 days after IPD. Case-fatality rates (CFRs) were 62.5 (25/40), 47.6% (10/21), and 33.3% (9/27), respectively (P < .001). In addition to an independent association with increasing age and serotype group, CFR was 7.8-fold (95% CI, 3.8-15.8) higher in those with IPD/COVID-19 coinfection and 3.9-fold (95% CI, 1.4-10.7) higher in patients who developed COVID-19 3-27 days after IPD compared with patients with IPD only.
conclusionsLarge declines in IPD were observed following COVID-19 lockdown. IPD/COVID-19 coinfections were rare but associated with high CFR, mainly in older adults. The rarity, age and serotype distribution of IPD/COVID-19 coinfections do not support wider extension of pneumococcal vaccination.
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