ArticleAging2020
Inflammatory factors and amyloid β-induced microglial polarization promote inflammatory crosstalk with astrocytes.
Article in Aging, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dysregulated glia and periglomerular cells in the olfactory bulb and altered lipocalins in the olfactory epithelium underlie olfactory dysfunction in a murine model of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Systems biology-based drug repurposing for neuroinflammation treatment in activated human microglia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Spotlight on cGAS-STING: role in disease pathogenesis and therapeutic potential.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- M2 microglial exosomal miR-1949 ameliorates sepsis-associated encephalopathy through DKK1/Wnt/β-catenin-mediated microglial repolarization.Archives of pharmacal research · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammation and Secretase Regulation in Alzheimer's Disease: From Molecular Cross-Talk to Multi-Target Therapeutics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Clinical study on the interaction between iron metabolism and neuroinflammation and iron deposition in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease.Brain imaging and behavior · 2026Article
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccination and the Immune-Brain Axis: Implications for Neuroprotection and Neurodegenerative Disease.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Hippo-YAP/TAZ Signaling in Astrocytes and Microglia: Role in Neuroinflammation, Neurodegeneration and Glial Tumors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- hUC-MSC-derived exosomes ameliorate Alzheimer's disease pathology through lncRNA-9969-mediated multi-target protection involving neuronal autophagy and microglial modulation.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2026Article
- Review
- Unraveling the anti-neuroinflammatory mechanisms of Cervus cucumis polypeptide injection in Alzheimer's disease: insights from network pharmacology, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and experimental validation.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Emerging neuroprotective mechanisms and therapeutic potential of natural polysaccharides in Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Anti-Neuroinflammation Activity of Essential Oils and Fatty Acids.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Elucidating the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine formula (Journal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2026Article
- Protective effect of selenomethionine on spleen and sacculus rotundus injury induced by aflatoxin B1 in reserve male rabbits.Veterinary research communications · 2025Article
- TGF-β signaling regulates gene expression, phagocytosis, and cell proliferation and supports glial cell survival in primary rat mixed glial cell cultures.Journal of molecular histology · 2025Article
- Forced polarisation of microglia by IL-13 is modified by inflammatory and microenvironmental context.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Article
- Stabilizing the retromer complex rescues synaptic dysfunction and endosomal trafficking deficits in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Synergistic effects of the Aβ/fibrinogen complex on synaptotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and blood-brain barrier damage in Alzheimer's disease models.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immunological responses are a key pathological factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We hypothesized that microglial polarization alters microglia-astrocyte immune interactions in AD. M1 and M2 microglia were isolated from primary rat microglia and were confirmed to secrete pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors, respectively. Primary rat astrocytes were co-cultured with M1 or M2 microglial medium. M1 microglial medium increased astrocyte production of pro-inflammatory factors (interleukin [IL]-1β, tumor necrosis factor α and IL-6), while M2 microglial medium enhanced astrocyte production of anti-inflammatory factors (IL-4 and IL-10). To analyze the crosstalk between microglia and astrocytes after microglial polarization specifically in AD, we co-cultured astrocytes with medium from microglia treated with amyloid-β (Aβ) alone or in combination with other inflammatory substances. Aβ alone and Aβ combined with lipopolysaccharide/interferon-γ induced pro-inflammatory activity in M1 microglia and astrocytes, whereas IL-4/IL-13 inhibited Aβ-induced pro-inflammatory activity. Nuclear factor κB p65 was upregulated in M1 microglia and pro-inflammatory astrocytes, while Stat6 was upregulated in M2 microglia and anti-inflammatory astrocytes. These results provide direct evidence that microglial polarization governs communication between microglia and astrocytes, and that AD debris alters this crosstalk.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.