ReviewFrontiers in veterinary science2020
Current Insights Into the Pathology of Canine Intervertebral Disc Extrusion-Induced Spinal Cord Injury.
Review in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Haemorrhagic myelopathy causing acute post-operative paralysis in a rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) with a congenital lordosis.The Journal of small animal practice · 2026Article
- Degree of Inflammation in Surgically Obtained Intervertebral Disc Extrusions in a Population of 74 Dogs.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Correlation Between Outcomes of Surgical Correction of Atlantoaxial Instability in Small Dogs and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abnormalities.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Acupuncture-Moxibustion Combined with Locomotor Training Enhances Postoperative Recovery in Canine Cervical Intervertebral Disc Herniation: A Pilot Study.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Serum Neurofilament Light Chain in Canine Spinal Cord Diseases.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Combining Metabolomics and Proteomics to Reveal Key Serum Compounds Related to Canine Intervertebral Disc Herniation.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Conditioned medium derived from mesenchymal stem cells and spinal cord injury: A review of the current therapeutic capacities.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Review
- Effect of local epidural application of methylprednisolone acetate on time to ambulation in non-ambulatory dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease: A prospective randomised, blinded control trial.The Veterinary record · 2025Article
- Thermographic Scan of the Thoracolumbar Area in Dogs with Acute Intervertebral Disc Extrusion (IVDE): A Retrospective Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Balloon compression-induced spinal cord injury in canines: a large animal model for spinal cord injury research.Journal of medicine and life · 2024Article
- Characterization of risk factors for early ambulation in paraplegic dogs with absent pain perception undergoing decompressive surgery for thoracolumbar intervertebral disk extrusions.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Interleukin-31 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with syringomyelia.BMC veterinary research · 2023Article
- Tumor-associated macrophages: Prognostic and therapeutic targets for cancer in humans and dogs.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Significance of intramedullary T2Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Case report: Traumatic hemorrhagic cervical myelopathy in a dog.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, surgical features and comparison of surgically treated intervertebral disc extrusion in French bulldogs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Association of hydromyelia and acute compressive myelopathy caused by intervertebral disc extrusion in dogs.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2022Article
- Characterization of microglia/macrophage phenotypes in the spinal cord following intervertebral disc herniation.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Pathological changes within two weeks following spinal cord injury in a canine model.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) in dogs is commonly attributed to intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE). Over the last years substantial progress was made in the elucidation of factors contributing to the pathogenesis of this common canine disease. A detailed understanding of the underlying histopathological and molecular alterations in the lesioned spinal cord represents a prerequisite to translate knowledge on the time course of secondary injury processes into the clinical setting. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of the underlying pathology of canine IVDE-related SCI. Pathological alterations in the spinal cord of dogs affected by IVDE-related SCI include early and persisting axonal damage and glial responses, dominated by phagocytic microglia/macrophages. These processes are paralleled by a pro-inflammatory microenvironment with dysregulation of cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases within the spinal cord. These data mirror findings from a clinical and therapeutic perspective and can be used to identify biomarkers that are able to more precisely predict the clinical outcome. The pathogenesis of progressive myelomalacia, a devastating complication of SCI in dogs, is not understood in detail so far; however, a fulminant and exaggerating secondary injury response with massive reactive oxygen species formation seems to be involved in this unique neuropathological entity. There are substantial gaps in the knowledge of pathological changes in IVDE with respect to more advanced and chronic lesions and the potential involvement of demyelination. Moreover, the role of microglia/macrophage polarization in IVDE-related SCI still remains to be investigated. A close collaboration of clinical neurologists and veterinary pathologists will help to facilitate an integrative approach to a more detailed understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of canine IVDE and thus to identify therapeutic targets.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.