ReviewOncoimmunology2020
Immunotherapy as sensitizer for local radiotherapy.
Review in Oncoimmunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors and other immunotherapies in the treatment of spinal column tumors: A systematic review and Meta-analysis of efficacy, and safety.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Pooled it
- Phase II Trial of Cisplatin, Gemcitabine, and Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy for Locally Advanced Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma: NRG Oncology/GOG Study 279.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2024Trial
- A Pilot Study of Pembrolizumab Combined With Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy for Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Sarcoma.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterTrial
- Brain radiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer with brain metastases: a retrospective study.BMC immunology · 2026Article
- Combined carbon ion radiotherapy and immunotherapy: leveraging the immunological advantages of carbon ion.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Efficacy and safety of combining radiotherapy with first-line chemotherapy and immunotherapy for local advanced/metastatic urothelial cancer: a propensity score matching analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Hybrid biomaterials-based radiosensitizers: Preparations and their applications in enhancing tumor radiotherapy.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Research progress of anti-angiogenic therapy combined with immunotherapy and radiotherapy for the treatment of brain metastases in non-small cell lung cancer (Review).Oncology letters · 2025Review
- Adjuvant radiotherapy in the era of new peri-operative systemic treatments for surgically resected non-small-cell lung cancer: where do we stand?Translational lung cancer research · 2025Review
- Carbon ion irradiation mobilizes antitumor immunity: from concept to the clinic.Radiation oncology (London, England) · 2025Review
- Beyond monotherapy: multimodal strategies integrating immune checkpoint inhibitors in lymphoma management.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Locally advanced endometrial cancer with multiple immune-related adverse events coinciding with the complete response to radiotherapy after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: A case report.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Palliative extracranial radiotherapy in patients receiving immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer: a narrative review.Translational cancer research · 2023Review
- Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a comprehensive analysis of registered trials on ClinicalTrials.gov.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Radiotherapy as a means to increase the efficacy of T-cell therapy in solid tumors.Oncoimmunology · 2023Review
- International consensus on radiotherapy in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.Translational lung cancer research · 2022Review
- A phase II clinical trial of neoadjuvant sasanlimab and stereotactic body radiation therapy as anFuture oncology (London, England) · 2022Article
- Improvement of the anticancer efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade via combination therapy and PD-L1 regulation.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The purpose of this report was to systematically review the radiation enhancement factor (REF) effects of immunotherapy on radiotherapy (RT) to the local tumor in comparison with other traditional radiation sensitizers such as cisplatin. PubMed and Medline databases were searched until February 2019. Reports with abscopal effect in the results were excluded. Graphs of the selected papers were digitized using Plot Digitizer (Sourceforge.net) in order to calculate the tumor growth delay (TGD) caused by immunotherapy. To enable comparison between different studies,the TGD were used to define the REF between RT versus the RT/immunotherapy combination. Thirty-two preclinical papers, and nine clinical series were selected. Different mouse models were exposed to RT doses ranging from 1 to 10 fractions of 1.8 to 20 Gray (Gy) per fraction. Endpoints were heterogeneous, ranging from regression to complete local response. No randomized clinical studies were identified. The median preclinical REF effect of different immunotherapy was varying from 1.7 to 9.1. There was no relationship observed either with subclasses of immunotherapy orRT doses. In the clinical studies, RT doses ranged from 1 to 37 fractions of 1.8 to 24 Gy per fraction. Most clinical trials used ipilimumab and interleukin-2. Local control rate in the clinical series ranged from 66% to 100%. A strong REF of immunotherapy (1.7 to 9.1) was observed, this being higher than traditionally sensitizers such as cisplatin (1.1). This result implies that for the same RT dose, a higher local control was achieved with a combination of immunotherapy and RT in preclinical settings. This study therefore supports the use of combined RT and immunotherapy to improve local tumor control in clinical settings without exacerbation of toxicities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.