ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2020
Prevalence and Molecular Epidemiology of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) Infection in People Living With HIV/AIDS in the Pará State, Amazon Region of Brazil.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular and Phylogenetic Characterization of HTLV-1 Infection in Patients With Hematological Malignancies in the State of Pará, Northern Brazil.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Non-integrase mechanisms for dolutegravir resistance.Retrovirology · 2026Review
- High Rate of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus-2 in Patients with HIV in the Peruvian Amazon.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Observational
- Stability and Perpetuation of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1 (HTLV-1) in Intrafamilial Transmissions of Infection in an Endemic Region of the Brazilian Amazon: A Pilot Study.Journal of tropical medicine · 2025Article
- Human T-lymphotropic virus 2 (HTLV-2) prevalence of blood donors in the state of Pará, Brazil.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2023Article
- Molecular diagnosis of opportunistic infections in the central nervous system of HIV-infected adults in Manaus, Amazonas.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors for HTLV-1/2 Infection inRiverside and Rural Populations of the State of Pará.Viruses · 2022Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors for HTLV-1/2 Infection in Quilombo Remnant Communities Living in the Brazilian Amazon.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- HTLV-1 Transmission and HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis: A Scoping Review.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Occupational Therapy for People Living With Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1: Importance and Effectiveness of an Intervention Plan at the Level of Prevention and Rehabilitation.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Review
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) is part of the group of retroviruses that share similar routes of transmission to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Coinfection of these viruses can affect the clinical course of both infections, and reports have shown a quicker progression to AIDS and the development of HIV-related opportunistic infections. The current study investigated the demographic characteristics, prevalence, and the subtypes of HTLV among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in the State of Pará, Northern Brazil. Blood samples were obtained from patients who were attending a reference unit that provides medical assistance to HIV-infected individuals in the State of Pará, Brazil, during the period of May 2016 to June 2017. Plasma samples were screened by ELISA tests to detect antibodies anti-HTLV-1/2. DNA and viral types were identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). All samples with viral DNA were submitted to nested PCR and nucleotide sequencing. The overall coinfection rate was 1.4% (5/368), and all samples were from subtype HTLV-1a. No cases of HTLV-2 infection were detected. The prevalence of HTLV-1 was higher in females (80%), individuals between 31 and 50 years of age, heterosexual, unmarried, with low monthly income, with secondary educational level or higher, sporadic condom usage, limited number of sexual partners, and no history of sexually transmitted infections. All samples from HTLV-1-infected patients were identified as strains belonging to the subtype 1a (Cosmopolitan), subgroup A (Transcontinental). This study identified that the prevalence of HIV/HTLV coinfection has dropped from 8 to 1.3% in the current investigation. There was a shift of HTLV subtype from a predominance of HTLV-2 infection in the past to an actual exclusively HTLV-1a. There was no significant association between economic, sociodemographic, and behavioral characteristics in HIV/HTLV coinfection.
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