Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33192929›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychology2020

How Do Nocebo Phenomena Provide a Theoretical Framework for the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Martina Amanzio, Jeremy Howick, Massimo Bartoli, Giuseppina Elena Cipriani, Jian Kong

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Observational
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Placebo: a brief updated review.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2022
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Are Sleep Problems Related to Psychological Distress in Healthy Aging during the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Review
  13. The Role of Neuropsychological Factors in Perceived Threat of SARS-CoV-2 in Healthy Ageing.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Article
  14. Article
  15. COVID-19 and the Political Economy of Mass Hysteria.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Martina AmanzioDepartment of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Jeremy HowickFaculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Massimo BartoliDepartment of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Giuseppina Elena CiprianiDepartment of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Jian KongDepartment of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic is a major health issue, which leads to psychological and behavioural changes. In particular, among various negative feelings, fear seems to be one of the main emotional reactions that can be as contagious as the virus itself. The actual pandemic is likely to function as an important stressor, especially in terms of chronic anxiety and lack of control over the succession of unforeseeable environmental events. In this direction, the psychological impact of previous quarantine measures showed important negative psychological effects, including post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTTS) with long-lasting effects. The presence of psychological discomfort and disturbances due to negative contextual factors can be studied using the nocebo phenomenon as a possible theoretical explanatory framework. Although in the absence of studies linking nocebo to Covid-19 and data-driven evidence, the context of the actual pandemic may be seen as a fertile ground for amplified discomfort and anxiety. The media provide dramatic and negative descriptions and often present conflicting sources of information, which can lead to physical and mental health problems, diminishing response to treatment. This can be worse when supported by conspiracy theories or misinformation. The aim of this perspective review is to propose a new theoretical framework for the COVID-19 pandemic, which should be supported by future empirical studies. In particular, the negative contextual factors, which can predispose individuals to psychological distress and the onset of the nocebo phenomena will be presented here, in order to suggest possible guidelines to mitigate the devastating effects of COVID-19.

Indexed as

COVID-19 pandemicmood changesnegative expectationnocebo effects in randomised controlled trialsnocebo responses in brain imaging studiespsychosocial context

Identifiers

PMID33192929
PMCPMC7661580

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.