ReviewFrontiers in physiology2020
Imaging Atherosclerosis by PET, With Emphasis on the Role of FDG and NaF as Potential Biomarkers for This Disorder.
Review in Frontiers in physiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- American Radium Society Appropriate Use Criteria on Cardiac Toxicity Prevention and Management After Thoracic Radiotherapy.Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer · 2024Pooled it
- Role of Lipoprotein(a) in Aortic Valve Calcification: Inflammatory and Oxidative Mechanisms Involved.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Beyond the JAK2 mutation: The inflammasome, clonal stability, and the thrombotic niche in myeloproliferative neoplasms.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Assessment of carotid atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability with multi-radiotracer PET/CT: a scoping review.European radiology · 2026Article
- Beyond morphology: multi-radiotracer PET/CT for comprehensive assessment of carotid plaque risk.European radiology · 2026Article
- Hybrid PET/CT and PET/MR in Coronary Artery Disease: An Update for Clinicians, with Insights into AI-Guided Integration.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Review
- Article
- Advanced Imaging Techniques for Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Calcification in Animal Models.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2024Review
- In Vivo Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging: Contributions to Precision Medicine and Drug Development.Circulation · 2024Review
- Pericarotid Fat as a Marker of Cerebrovascular Risk.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2024Review
- Association Between Aortic Wall Parameters on Multidetector Computed Tomography and Ruptured Plaques By Nonobstructive General Angioscopy.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Clinical quantitative coronary artery stenosis and coronary atherosclerosis imaging: a Consensus Statement from the Quantitative Cardiovascular Imaging Study Group.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2023Review
- FDG PET/CT Depicting Right Iliac Vein Tumor Thrombosis following Low Anterior Resection in Rectal Cancer Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review.World journal of nuclear medicine · 2023Article
- Molecular imaging of arterial fibroblast activation protein: association with calcified plaque burden and cardiovascular risk factors.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2023Article
- Emerging PET Tracers in Cardiac Molecular Imaging.Cardiology and therapy · 2023Review
- Stroke and molecular imaging: a focus on FDG-PET.American journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2023Review
- [Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Advances in positron emission tomography tracers related to vascular calcification.Annals of nuclear medicine · 2022Review
- Updates in the Impact of Chronic Systemic Inflammation on Vascular Inflammation by Positron Emission Tomography (PET).Current cardiology reports · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Molecular imaging has emerged in the past few decades as a novel means to investigate atherosclerosis. From a pathophysiological perspective, atherosclerosis is characterized by microscopic inflammation and microcalcification that precede the characteristic plaque buildup in arterial walls detected by traditional assessment methods, including anatomic imaging modalities. These processes of inflammation and microcalcification are, therefore, prime targets for molecular detection of atherosclerotic disease burden. Imaging with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and 18F-sodium fluoride (NaF) can non-invasively assess arterial inflammation and microcalcification, respectively. FDG uptake reflects glucose metabolism, which is particularly increased in atherosclerotic plaques retaining macrophages and undergoing hypoxic stress. By contrast, NaF uptake reflects the exchange of hydroxyl groups of hydroxyapatite crystals for fluoride producing fluorapatite, a key biochemical step in calcification of atherosclerotic plaque. Here we review the existing literature on FDG and NaF imaging and their respective values in investigating the progression of atherosclerotic disease. Based on the large volume of data that have been introduced to the literature and discussed in this review, it is clear that PET imaging will have a major role to play in assessing atherosclerosis in the major and coronary arteries. However, it is difficult to draw definitive conclusions on the potential role of FDG in investigating atherosclerosis given the vast number of studies with different designs, image acquisition methods, analyses, and interpretations. Our experience in this domain of research has suggested that NaF may be the tool of choice over FDG in assessing atherosclerosis, especially in the setting of coronary artery disease (CAD). Specifically, global NaF assessment appears to be superior in detecting plaques in tissues with high background FDG activity, such as the coronary arteries.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.