ReviewFrontiers in cellular neuroscience2020
Pre-clinical and Clinical Implications of "Inside-Out" vs. "Outside-In" Paradigms in Multiple Sclerosis Etiopathogenesis.
Review in Frontiers in cellular neuroscience, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Natalizumab and Tyruko (natalizumab biosimilar) for treating highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis after at least one disease-modifying therapy: a systematic review and economic model.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Understanding the Role of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Energy for myelination: Implications for metabolic disturbances in multiple sclerosis pathology.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- SNAP-23 mediated vesicular trafficking in oligodendrocytes is necessary to maintain adult myelin integrity in mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Role of Caveolin-1 in Inflammation: Genetic Predisposition and Potential Implication for Multiple Sclerosis.Genes · 2026Review
- Neuroprotective Role of Cannabinoid CBMolecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Oligodendrocytes Are Active Participants in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis and Its Animal Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Multiple sclerosis and autoimmunity: a reappraisal of the evidence.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Multiple sclerosis: molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant skq1 reverses functional impairment and histopathological insults in a chronic animal model of multiple sclerosis.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Article
- AA147 Alleviates Symptoms in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis by Reducing Oligodendrocyte Loss.Glia · 2025Article
- 4D marmoset brain map reveals MRI and molecular signatures for onset of multiple sclerosis-like lesions.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- A role of CD20Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Annexin A1, calreticulin and high mobility group box 1 are elevated in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: Does immunogenic cell death occur in multiple sclerosis?BioImpacts : BI · 2025Article
- Enkephalins and Pain Modulation: Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Perspectives.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Increased regulatory activity of intestinal innate lymphoid cells type 3 (ILC3) prevents experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis severity.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Mechanisms Governing Oligodendrocyte Viability in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Animal Models.Cells · 2024Review
- The Peripheral Profile of the Chitinase 3-like-1 in Benign Multiple Sclerosis - A Single Centre's Experience.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2024Observational
- CD8+ T cells recognizing a neuron-restricted antigen injure axons in a model of multiple sclerosis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Article
- A 4D transcriptomic map for the evolution of multiple sclerosis-like lesions in the marmoset brain.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated neurological disorder, characterized by central nervous system (CNS) inflammation, oligodendrocyte loss, demyelination, and axonal degeneration. Although autoimmunity, inflammatory demyelination and neurodegeneration underlie MS, the initiating event has yet to be clarified. Effective disease modifying therapies need to both regulate the immune system and promote restoration of neuronal function, including remyelination. The challenge in developing an effective long-lived therapy for MS requires that three disease-associated targets be addressed: (1) self-tolerance must be re-established to specifically inhibit the underlying myelin-directed autoimmune pathogenic mechanisms; (2) neurons must be protected from inflammatory injury and degeneration; (3) myelin repair must be engendered by stimulating oligodendrocyte progenitors to remyelinate CNS neuronal axons. The combined use of chronic and relapsing remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (C-EAE, R-EAE) ("outside-in") as well as progressive diphtheria toxin A chain (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.