ArticleFrontiers in neuroscience2020
Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Activity Modulates Isoflurane and Propofol Anesthesia.
Article in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Edinger-Westphal Neurons Contribute to Emergence from Desflurane and Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Mice.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Wakefulness regulation of memory encoding and retrieval: structure and activity.National science review · 2026Review
- Neural Circuit Mechanisms of General Anaesthesia Induction: Current Advances and Future Directions.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- Immunoreactivity and distribution of Fos in the mouse brain following diverse general anesthetics.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Somatostatin Pathway Projected from the Basal Forebrain to the Lateral Habenula Promotes Isoflurane Anesthesia Recovery.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Current and Developing Approaches for Facilitating Emergence from General Anesthesia.Anesthesiology · 2025Review
- Basal Forebrain to Ventral Tegmental Area Glutamatergic Pathway Promotes Emergence from Isoflurane Anesthesia in Mice.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Hyperammonemia heightens anesthetic sensitivity in male rats with acute hepatic encephalopathy via affecting brain areas represented by the cerebellum.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Article
- A probabilistic model of behavioural emergence from general anaesthesia in mice.British journal of anaesthesia · 2025Article
- A ventral pallidum-locus coeruleus-lateral hypothalamus pathway modulates brain arousal in freely behaving and isoflurane-anesthetized male mice.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The Serotonergic Dorsal Raphe Promotes Emergence from Propofol Anesthesia in Zebrafish.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Striatal neurones expressing D1 dopamine receptors modulate consciousness in sevoflurane but not propofol anaesthesia in mice.British journal of anaesthesia · 2025Article
- Neural Network Mechanisms Underlying General Anesthesia: Cortical and Subcortical Nuclei.Neuroscience bulletin · 2024Review
- Activation of Ventral Tegmental Area Dopaminergic Neurons Projecting to the Parabrachial Nucleus Promotes Emergence from Propofol Anesthesia in Male Rats.Neurochemical research · 2024Article
- A Common Neuronal Ensemble in the Lateral Habenula Regulates Ciprofol Anesthesia in Mice.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Dopamine D1-receptor-expressing pathway from the nucleus accumbens to ventral pallidum-mediated sevoflurane anesthesia in mice.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2023Article
- Dexmedetomidine modulates neuronal activity of horizontal limbs of diagonal band via α2 adrenergic receptor in mice.BMC anesthesiology · 2023Article
- Selective optogenetic modulation of the PBN terminals in the lateral hypothalamic area and basal forebrain regulates emergence from isoflurane anesthesia in mice.BMC anesthesiology · 2023Article
- Rapid thalamocortical network switching mediated by cortical synchronization underlies propofol-induced EEG signatures: a biophysical model.Journal of neurophysiology · 2023Article
- Activation of astrocytes in the basal forebrain in mice facilitates isoflurane-induced loss of consciousness and prolongs recovery.BMC anesthesiology · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain (BF) have long been considered to be the key neurons in the regulation of cortical and behavioral arousal, and cholinergic activation in the downstream region of the BF can arouse anesthetized rats. However, whether the activation of BF cholinergic neurons can induce behavior and electroencephalogram (EEG) recovery from anesthesia is unclear. In this study, based on a transgenic mouse line expressing ChAT-IRES-Cre, we applied a fiber photometry system combined with GCaMPs expression in the BF and found that both isoflurane and propofol inhibit the activity of BF cholinergic neurons, which is closely related to the consciousness transition. We further revealed that genetic lesion of BF cholinergic neurons was associated with a markedly increased potency of anesthetics, while designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD)-activated BF cholinergic neurons was responsible for slower induction and faster recovery of anesthesia. We also documented a significant increase in δ power bands (1-4 Hz) and a decrease in β (12-25 Hz) power bands in BF cholinergic lesioned mice, while there was a clearly noticeable decline in EEG δ power of activated BF cholinergic neurons. Moreover, sensitivity to anesthetics was reduced after optical stimulation of BF cholinergic cells, yet it failed to restore wake-like behavior in constantly anesthetized mice. Our results indicate a functional role of BF cholinergic neurons in the regulation of general anesthesia. Inhibition of BF cholinergic neurons mediates the formation of unconsciousness induced by general anesthetics, and their activation promotes recovery from the anesthesia state.
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