ArticleJournal of ginseng research2020
Compound K improves skin barrier function by increasing SPINK5 expression.
Article in Journal of ginseng research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Protective effects of Passiflora edulis Sims peel fermentation polysaccharide against UVB-induced photodamage via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.Bioresources and bioprocessing · 2026Article
- Research progress on the mechanisms of Panax ginseng and its active components in maintaining skin homeostasis and disease intervention.Chinese medicine · 2026Review
- Red ginseng-derived components attenuate UVB-induced keratinocyte senescence via senomorphic mechanisms.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Article
- Cellular and molecular regulation of skin by ginseng and its bioactive Constituents: A review of studies from 2021 to 2025.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Review
- Innovative research on predicting skin flaps necrosis through quantification of the USP4/TNFAIP2 regulated 'M1 macrophages-Tregs axis' via skin barrier monitoring technology.Burns & trauma · 2026Article
- Immunomodulatory functions of ginsenosides in skin diseases: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic prospects.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- The SPINK Protein Family in Cancer: Emerging Roles in Tumor Progression, Therapeutic Resistance, and Precision Oncology.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
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- Development of a biomarker-based platform for comprehensive skin characterization using minimally invasive skin sampling and quantitative real-time PCR.Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) · 2024Article
- Anti-Inflammatory Properties of the Citrus Flavonoid Diosmetin: An Updated Review of Experimental Models.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Optimization of Antioxidant Activity of Compounds Generated during Ginseng Extract Fermentation Supplemented withMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Revitalizing Photoaging Skin through Eugenol in UVB-Exposed Hairless Mice: Mechanistic Insights from Integrated Multi-Omics.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell treatment alleviates symptoms in an atopic dermatitis-like mouse model.Stem cell research & therapy · 2023Article
- Bioconversion of BIOGF1K, a compound-K-rich fraction from ginseng root and its effect on epidermal barrier function.Heliyon · 2023Article
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- Kinetic conversion of BIOGF1K enriched in compound K fromCurrent research in pharmacology and drug discovery · 2023Article
- Inhibitory Effects ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Anticancer properties and pharmaceutical applications of ginsenoside compound K: A review.Chemical biology & drug design · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe skin acts as a barrier to protect organisms against harmful exogenous agents. Compound K (CK) is an active metabolite of ginsenoside Rb1, Rb2 and Rc, and researchers have focused on its skin protective efficacy. In this study, we hypothesized that increased expression of the serine protease inhibitor Kazal type-5 (SPINK5) may improve skin barrier function.
methodsWe screened several ginsenosides to increase SPINK5 gene promoter activity using a transactivation assay and found that CK can increase SPINK5 expression. To investigate the protective effect of CK on the skin barrier, RT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to investigate the expression levels of SPINK5, kallikrein 5 (KLK5), KLK7 and PAR2 in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and histological changes associated with the skin barrier were performed in a UVB-irradiated mouse model and a 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis-like model.
resultsCK treatment increased the expression of SPINK5 and decreased the expression of its downstream genes, such as KLKs and PAR2. In the UVB-irradiated mouse model and the DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis model, CK restored increased TEWL and decreased hydration and epidermal hyperplasia. In addition, CK normalized the reduced SPINK5 expression caused by UVB or DNCB, thereby restoring the expression of the proteins involved in desquamation to a level similar to normal.
conclusionsOur data showed that CK contributes to improving skin-barrier function in UVB-irradiated and DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis-like models through SPINK5. These results suggest that therapeutic attempts with CK might be useful in treating barrier-disrupted diseases.
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