Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33191578›Full record

ArticleTransboundary and emerging diseases2021

Multi-species ELISA for the detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in animals.

Kerstin Wernike, Andrea Aebischer, Anna Michelitsch, Donata Hoffmann, Conrad Freuling, Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Annika Graaf, Thomas Müller, Nikolaus Osterrieder, Melanie Rissmann and 8 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
70citing papers in PubMed
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

70 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. A multimodaliScience · 2026
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  11. Ultrafast and high-throughput immunoassay assay to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in dogs and cats.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2024
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10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Kerstin WernikeFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8071-0827
Andrea AebischerFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.
Anna MichelitschFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.
Donata HoffmannFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.
Conrad FreulingFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1076-398X
Anne Balkema-BuschmannFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7613-9592
Annika GraafFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.
Thomas MüllerFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0959-3653
Nikolaus OsterriederInstitut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Melanie RissmannFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.
Dennis RubbenstrothFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8209-6274
Jacob SchönFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.
Claudia SchulzUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany.
Jakob TrimpertInstitut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Lorenz UlrichFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.
Asisa VolzUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany.
Thomas MettenleiterFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.
Martin BeerFriedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0598-5254
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut · DEUniversity of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation · DECity University of Hong Kong · HKFreie Universität Berlin · DE

Funding

European Union Horizon 2020 project "European Virus Archive goes global" (EVAg)European Union Horizon 2020 project "Versatile Emerging infectious disease Observatory" (grant no. 874735)Intramural funding of the German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture provided to the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic with millions of infected humans and hundreds of thousands of fatalities. As the novel disease - referred to as COVID-19 - unfolded, occasional anthropozoonotic infections of animals by owners or caretakers were reported in dogs, felid species and farmed mink. Further species were shown to be susceptible under experimental conditions. The extent of natural infections of animals, however, is still largely unknown. Serological methods will be useful tools for tracing SARS-CoV-2 infections in animals once test systems are evaluated for use in different species. Here, we developed an indirect multi-species ELISA based on the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. The newly established ELISA was evaluated using 59 sera of infected or vaccinated animals, including ferrets, raccoon dogs, hamsters, rabbits, chickens, cattle and a cat, and a total of 220 antibody-negative sera of the same animal species. Overall, a diagnostic specificity of 100.0% and sensitivity of 98.31% were achieved, and the functionality with every species included in this study could be demonstrated. Hence, a versatile and reliable ELISA protocol was established that enables high-throughput antibody detection in a broad range of animal species, which may be used for outbreak investigations, to assess the seroprevalence in susceptible species or to screen for reservoir or intermediate hosts.

Indexed as

Cat DiseasesCattle DiseasesCOVID-19AnimalsAntibodies, ViralCatsCattleChickensEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayFerretsHumansMiceRabbitsSARS-CoV-2Seroepidemiologic StudiesAntibodies, ViralanimalscattlechickenCOVID-19diagnosticsfelinesmustelidsraccoon dogSARS-CoV-2serology

Identifiers

PMID33191578
PMCPMC7753575
OpenAlexW3102451335

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.