ReviewBiochemical pharmacology2021
Repurposing existing drugs for the treatment of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 infection: A review describing drug mechanisms of action.
Review in Biochemical pharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review on impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Microbiological research · 2023Pooled it
- Characteristics of published/registered clinical trials on COVID-19 treatment: A systematic review.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Three-Day Icatibant on Top of Standard Care in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia: A Randomized, Open-Label, Phase 2, Proof-of-Concept Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Role of HWorld journal of clinical cases · 2022Trial
- Colchicine in Recently Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Trial (COL-COVID).International journal of general medicine · 2021Trial
- Repurposing of colchicine: critical examination of clinical trials and scoping review.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Emetine dihydrochloride inhibits Chikungunya virus nsP2 helicase and shows robust antiviral activity in cells and mice.Journal of biomedical science · 2026Article
- Computational proteomics to enhance personalized treatment of COVID-19 and Long COVID.Clinical proteomics · 2026Review
- Gene Expression Profiles in the Optic Nerve of Mice with Systemic Acanthamoebiasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- A deep generative model for deciphering cellular dynamics and in silico drug discovery in complex diseases.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- In silico screening and experimental validation identify riboflavin as an RNA-targeted antiviral against SARS-CoV-2.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Ethnobotanical survey of herbal medicines for anti-COVID-19 used by traditional Chinese medicine pharmacies in Taiwan.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Emetine induces oxidative stress, cell differentiation and NF-κB inhibition, suppressing AML stem/progenitor cells.Cell death discovery · 2024Article
- Anti-rheumatic colchicine phytochemical exhibits potent antiviral activities against avian and seasonal Influenza A viruses (IAVs) via targeting different stages of IAV replication cycle.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2024Article
- Evaluations of FDA-approved Drugs Targeting 3CLP of SARS-CoV-2 Employing a Repurposing Strategy.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2024Article
- A placental model of SARS-CoV-2 infection reveals ACE2-dependent susceptibility and differentiation impairment in syncytiotrophoblasts.Nature cell biology · 2023Article
- Recombinant Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Expressing SARS-CoV-2 Chimeric Protein Protects K18-hACE2 Mice against Viral Challenge.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- Drug repositioning in the COVID-19 pandemic: fundamentals, synthetic routes, and overview of clinical studies.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2023Review
- Deciphering the Relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The outbreak of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a major public health concern across the globe. SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh coronavirus that is known to cause human disease. As of September 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has been reported in 213 countries and more than 31 million cases have been confirmed, with an estimated mortality rate of ∼3%. Unfortunately, a drug or vaccine is yet to be discovered to treat COVID-19. Thus, repurposing of existing cancer drugs will be a novel approach in treating COVID-19 patients. These drugs target viral replication cycle, viral entry and translocation to the nucleus. Some can enhance innate antiviral immune response as well. Hence this review focuses on comprehensive list of 22 drugs that work against COVID-19 infection. These drugs include fingolimod, colchicine, N4-hydroxycytidine, remdesivir, methylprednisone, oseltamivir, icatibant, perphanizine, viracept, emetine, homoharringtonine, aloxistatin, ribavirin, valrubicin, famotidine, almitrine, amprenavir, hesperidin, biorobin, cromolyn sodium, and antibodies- tocilzumab and sarilumab. Also, we provide a list of 31 drugs that are predicted to function against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In summary, we provide succinct overview of various therapeutic modalities. Among these 53 drugs, based on various clinical trials and literature, remdesivir, nelfinavir, methylpredinosolone, colchicine, famotidine and emetine may be used for COVID-19. SIGNIFICANCE: It is of utmost important priority to develop novel therapies for COVID-19. Since the effect of SARS-CoV-2 is so severe, slowing the spread of diseases will help the health care system, especially the number of visits to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of any country. Several clinical trials are in works around the globe. Moreover, NCI developed a recent and robust response to COVID-19 pandemic. One of the NCI's goals is to screen cancer related drugs for identification of new therapies for COVID-19. https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2020/covid-19-cancer-nci-response?cid=eb_govdel.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.