Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33190635›Full record

ReviewSkeletal muscle2020

Ryanodine receptor 1-related disorders: an historical perspective and proposal for a unified nomenclature.

Tokunbor A Lawal, Joshua J Todd, Jessica W Witherspoon, Carsten G Bönnemann, James J Dowling, Susan L Hamilton, Katherine G Meilleur, Robert T Dirksen

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Skeletal muscle, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
55citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

55 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. OXPHOS complex deficiency in congenital myopathy: A systematic review.European journal of clinical investigation · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Exercise capacity in RYR1-related myopathies.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2025
    Trial
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Clinical and Genetic Spectrum ofMolecular syndromology · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Frontiers in immunology · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Biomolecules · 2025
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Tokunbor A LawalTissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. Tokunbor.lawal@nih.gov.ORCID 0000-0002-3007-820X
Joshua J ToddTissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Jessica W WitherspoonTissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Carsten G BönnemannNeurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
James J DowlingDepartments of Paediatrics and Molecular Genetics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Susan L HamiltonMolecular Physiology & Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Katherine G MeilleurTissue Injury Branch, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Robert T DirksenDepartment of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.

Funding

Basis of Muscle Dysfunction in Malignant Hyperthermia & Central Core DiseaseR01AR053349 · NIAMS · BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI DIRKSEN, ROBERT T, HAMILTON, SUSAN L · 2006 to 2020
$8.0M
NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR053349
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The RYR1 gene, which encodes the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release channel or type 1 ryanodine receptor (RyR1) of skeletal muscle, was sequenced in 1988 and RYR1 variations that impair calcium homeostasis and increase susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia were first identified in 1991. Since then, RYR1-related myopathies (RYR1-RM) have been described as rare, histopathologically and clinically heterogeneous, and slowly progressive neuromuscular disorders. RYR1 variants can lead to dysfunctional RyR1-mediated calcium release, malignant hyperthermia susceptibility, elevated oxidative stress, deleterious post-translational modifications, and decreased RyR1 expression. RYR1-RM-affected individuals can present with delayed motor milestones, contractures, scoliosis, ophthalmoplegia, and respiratory insufficiency.Historically, RYR1-RM-affected individuals were diagnosed based on morphologic features observed in muscle biopsies including central cores, cores and rods, central nuclei, fiber type disproportion, and multi-minicores. However, these histopathologic features are not always specific to RYR1-RM and often change over time. As additional phenotypes were associated with RYR1 variations (including King-Denborough syndrome, exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis, lethal multiple pterygium syndrome, adult-onset distal myopathy, atypical periodic paralysis with or without myalgia, mild calf-predominant myopathy, and dusty core disease) the overlap among diagnostic categories is ever increasing. With the continuing emergence of new clinical subtypes along the RYR1 disease spectrum and reports of adult-onset phenotypes, nuanced nomenclatures have been reported (RYR1- [related, related congenital, congenital] myopathies). In this narrative review, we provide historical highlights of RYR1 research, accounts of the main diagnostic disease subtypes and propose RYR1-related disorders (RYR1-RD) as a unified nomenclature to describe this complex and evolving disease spectrum.

Indexed as

AnimalsHumansNeuromuscular DiseasesPhenotypeRyanodine Receptor Calcium Release ChannelTerminology as TopicRyanodine Receptor Calcium Release ChannelRYR1 protein, humanClinical neurologyHistoryIon channel defectsMyopathyNeuromuscular diseaseSkeletal muscle

Identifiers

PMID33190635
PMCPMC7667763

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.