ArticleBMC pediatrics2020
Dose-dependent effect of human milk on Bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very low birth weight infants.
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03453502 (Improving Mother Milk Feeding Benefits in Neonatal Intensive Care Units Using the Evidence-based Practice for Quality Improvement), which is not on this map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Improving Mother Milk Feeding Benefits in Neonatal Intensive Care Units Using the Evidence-based Practice for Quality Improvement
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Economic evaluations of human milk for very preterm infants: a systematic review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Quality Improvement to Increase Breastfeeding in Preterm Infants: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Pooled it
- Do preterm infants' retinas like bovine colostrum? A randomized controlled trial.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2024Trial
- Impact of post-NICU human milk intake on respiratory outcomes in bronchopulmonary dysplasia.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- The role of nutritional interventions in the prevention and treatment of chronic lung disease of prematurity.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Long-term breastfeeding outcomes in very preterm infants: predictors and challenges.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- An investigation into the impact of family integrated care on extrauterine growth restriction at discharge in very low birth weight infants: a multi-centre study.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Article
- Nutritional Management for Preterm Infants with Common Comorbidities: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Possible Factors Affecting Breast Milk Feeding Status Of Preterm Infants Monitored in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.Turkish archives of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Type and Volume of Milk Intake in Premature Infants <33 Weeks Gestational Age in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Human milk and bronchopulmonary dysplasia have a dose-dependent effect: a cohort study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2025Article
- Article
- Mother's own milk and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in appropriate for gestational age preterm infants.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Article
- Monitoring the Use of Human Milk, the Ideal Food for Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants-A Narrative Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The association of different types of human milk with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Research progress on pathophysiologic mechanisms, clinical treatment and predictive biomarkers in bronchopulmonary dysplasia: from the perspective of oxidative stress.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Review
- Trend and Predictors of Breastmilk Feeding among Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants in NICU and at Discharge.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Human Milk Feeding Is Associated with Decreased Incidence of Moderate-Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Extremely Preterm Infants.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- [Association between early parenteral nutrition and the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
28 authors at 12 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimHuman milk has potential protective effects against bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). However, studies on the association between the dose of human milk and BPD in China are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the dose-dependent effects of human milk on BPD and other neonatal morbidities in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.
methodsThis retrospective cohort study of preterm infants was conducted on preterm infants of gestational age ≤ 34 weeks and birth weight < 1500 g admitted to the multicenter clinical research database for breastfeeding quality improvement in Jiangsu province. The multivariate analysis was performed to compare the effect outcomes of daily graded doses [1-24 mL/(kg · day), 25-49 mL/(kg · day), and ≥ 50 mL/(kg · day) of body weight] of human milk on neonatal outcomes throughout the first 4 weeks of life versus a reference group receiving no human milk. The models were adjusted for potential confounding variables.
resultsOf 964 included infants, 279 (28.9%) received exclusive preterm formula, 128 (13.3%) received 1-24 ml/(kg · day), 139 (14.4%) received 25-49 ml/(kg · day), and 418 (43.4%) received ≥50 ml/(kg · day) human milk for the first 4 weeks of life. Compared with infants receiving exclusive formula, those receiving the highest volume of human milk daily [≥50 mL/(kg · day)] had lower incidences of BPD [27.5% in ≥50 mL/(kg · day) vs 40.1% in 0 mL/(kg · day) human milk, P = 0.001)], moderate and severe BPD [8.9% in ≥50 mL/(kg · day) vs 16.1% in 0 mL/(kg · day), P = 0.004], necrotizing enterocolitis [NEC; 3.8% in ≥50 mL/(kg · day) vs 10.8% in 0 mL/(kg · day), P = 0.001], late-onset sepsis [LOS; 9.3% in ≥50 mL/(kg · day) vs 19.7% in 0 mL/(kg · day), P <0.01], and extrauterine growth retardation [EUGR; 38.5% in ≥50 mL/(kg · day) vs 57.6% in 0 mL/(kg · day), P <0.01)]. The logistic regression indicated that those receiving ≥50 ml/kg · day human milk had lower odds of BPD [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.453; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.309, 0.666], moderate and severe BPD (AOR 0.430; 95% CI: 0.249, 0.742), NEC (AOR 0.314; 95% CI: 0.162, 0. 607), LOS (AOR 0.420; 95% CI: 0.263, 0.673), and EUGR (AOR 0.685; 95% CI: 0.479, 0.979).
conclusionsA daily threshold amount of ≥50 ml/(kg · day) human milk in the first 4 weeks of life was associated with lower incidence of BPD as well as NEC, LOS, and EUGR in VLBW infants.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03453502 . Registration date: March 5, 2018. This study was retrospectively registered.
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