ReviewThe FEBS journal2021
Conservation lost: host-pathogen battles drive diversification and expansion of gene families.
Review in The FEBS journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- A multiplant transcriptomic atlas reveals conserved and lineage-specific defense architectures in response toProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Predictors of Protein Evolution in the drosophilid Immune System.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of Nutritional Immunity.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Intersections between proteostasis and immunity: insights from Caenorhabditis elegans.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026Review
- Pelodera: cosmopolitan phoretic saprotrophs and neglected models for origins of nematode parasitism.Parasites & vectors · 2025Review
- Article
- Article
- Functional annotation of a divergent genome using sequence and structure-based similarity.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- PALS-14 promotes resistance tomicroPublication biology · 2024Article
- Similarities in the induction of the intracellular pathogen response in Caenorhabditis elegans and the type I interferon response in mammals.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2023Article
- Multiple pals gene modules control a balance between immunity and development in Caenorhabditis elegans.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- MultiplebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Insights from C. elegans into Microsporidia Biology and Host-Pathogen Relationships.Experientia supplementum (2012) · 2022Review
- Ubiquitin-related processes and innate immunity in C. elegans.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2021Review
- Sequence Diversity, Locus Structure, and Evolutionary History of theFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
One of the strongest drivers in evolution is the struggle to survive a host-pathogen battle. This pressure selects for diversity among the factors directly involved in this battle, including virulence factors deployed by pathogens, their corresponding host targets, and host immune factors. A logical outcome of this diversification is that over time, the sequence of many immune factors will not be evolutionarily conserved across a broad range of species. Thus, while universal sequence conservation is often hailed as the hallmark of the importance of a particular gene, the immune system does not necessarily play by these rules when defending against co-evolving pathogens. This loss of sequence conservation is in contrast to many signaling pathways in development and basic cell biology that are not targeted by pathogens. In addition to diversification, another consequence of host-pathogen battles can be an amplification in gene number, thus leading to large gene families that have sequence relatively specific to a particular strain, species, or clade. Here we highlight this general theme across a variety of pathogen virulence factors and host immune factors. We summarize the wide range and number across species of these expanded, lineage-specific host-pathogen factors including ubiquitin ligases, nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors, GTPases, and proteins without obvious biochemical function but that nonetheless play key roles in immunity.
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