ReviewBiochimie2021
The key role of Warburg effect in SARS-CoV-2 replication and associated inflammatory response.
Review in Biochimie, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 143 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 with and without type 2 diabetes: a prespecified analysis of the DARE-19 randomized trial.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Trial
- Empagliflozin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2023Trial
- Multi-omics dissection of metabolic hijacking: Infectious bronchitis virus orchestrates lipid-centric replication through PPAR-TGF-β crosstalk.Virulence · 2026Article
- Systemic multi-omics analysis reveals interferon response heterogeneity and links lipid metabolism to immune alterations in severe COVID-19.Genome medicine · 2026Article
- Engineered Bacterial Nanosyringes Induce Transient and Controllable Hepatic Immune-Metabolic Responses.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Tiliroside From Pavonia malacophylla (Link & Otto) Garcke as an Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Agent.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein mitochondrial localization reveals host metabolic disruption.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Metabolic reprogramming in diabetes and other endocrine and metabolic disorders: exploring the Warburg effect, ketones, and SGLT2 inhibitors.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- HUBMet: an integrative database and analytical platform for human blood metabolites and metabolite-protein associations.Genome biology · 2025Article
- MicroRNA-driven evolutionary pressure in SARS-CoV-2: the role of hsa-miR-6512 in mutational dynamics.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Aging, HIV, and Long COVID: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Investigating alveolar macrophages in an human ex vivo precision-cut lung slice model of SARS-CoV-2 infection using Raman spectroscopy-A case study.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Article
- Temporal dynamics of chicken host's molecular response against Fowl adenovirus serotype 8b infection via RNA-sequencing.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Integrative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveal that carbon metabolism and complement system of Madin Darby Bovine Kidney cells are affected by bovine coronavirus infection.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Delayed viral clearance and altered inflammatory responses affect severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in aged mice.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Article
- Comparative metabolomic analysis reveals shared and unique features of COVID-19 cytokine storm and surgical sepsis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Developments in the study of the role of lactate metabolism in the genesis and progression of thyroid cancer.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Molecular docking, pharmacological profiling, and MD simulations of glycolytic inhibitors targeting novel SARS CoV-2 main protease and spike protein.In silico pharmacology · 2025Article
- Metabolic regulation of interferon-mediated innate antiviral immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Current mortality due to the Covid-19 pandemic (approximately 1.2 million by November 2020) demonstrates the lack of an effective treatment. As replication of many viruses - including MERS-CoV - is supported by enhanced aerobic glycolysis, we hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 replication in host cells (especially airway cells) is reliant upon altered glucose metabolism. This metabolism is similar to the Warburg effect well studied in cancer. Counteracting two main pathways (PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling) sustaining aerobic glycolysis inhibits MERS-CoV replication and thus, very likely that of SARS-CoV-2, which shares many similarities with MERS-CoV. The Warburg effect appears to be involved in several steps of COVID-19 infection. Once induced by hypoxia, the Warburg effect becomes active in lung endothelial cells, particularly in the presence of atherosclerosis, thereby promoting vasoconstriction and micro thrombosis. Aerobic glycolysis also supports activation of pro-inflammatory cells such as neutrophils and M1 macrophages. As the anti-inflammatory response and reparative process is performed by M2 macrophages reliant on oxidative metabolism, we speculated that the switch to oxidative metabolism in M2 macrophages would not occur at the appropriate time due to an uncontrolled pro-inflammatory cascade. Aging, mitochondrial senescence and enzyme dysfunction, AMPK downregulation and p53 inactivation could all play a role in this key biochemical event. Understanding the role of the Warburg effect in COVID-19 can be essential to developing molecules reducing infectivity, arresting endothelial cells activation and the pro-inflammatory cascade.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.