ArticleAtherosclerosis2020
Sex differences in cardiovascular morbidity associated with familial hypercholesterolaemia: A retrospective cohort study of the UK Simon Broome register linked to national hospital records.
Article in Atherosclerosis, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Statin use in pregnancy and risk of congenital malformations: a Norwegian nationwide study.European heart journal · 2026Pooled it
- Sex differences in treatment of familial hypercholesterolaemia: a meta-analysis.European heart journal · 2024Pooled it
- Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Women: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Cardiovascular Outcomes Across the Lifespan.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2026Review
- Sex Differences in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Japanese Patients With Familial Hypercholesterolemia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of lipid and atherosclerosis · 2026Article
- Frequency of familial hypercholesterolaemia-causing genetic variants in the 100 000 Genomes Project cohort: whole genome sequencing analyses of 77 260 participants.Journal of medical genetics · 2026Article
- Sex- and age-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive impairment in a mouse model of familial hypercholesterolemia.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Assessment of the value of polygenic risk scores in the prevention of disease.Journal of medical screening · 2025Review
- Genetic Determinants of the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Phenotype.Annals of human genetics · 2025Review
- Impact of Genetic Testing and Sex Differences among Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia: The Hokuriku-plus Familial Hypercholesterolemia Registry Study.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2025Observational
- Gender Disparity in Lipid Testing Among Over 0.5 Million Adults from Pakistan: Females are Tested Much Later Despite Higher LDL-Cholesterol Levels.Global heart · 2025Article
- Lipoprotein Metabolism, Dyslipidemia, and Lipid-Lowering Therapy in Women: A Comprehensive Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- International Atherosclerosis Society guidance for implementing best practice in the care of familial hypercholesterolaemia.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2023Review
- Sex Differences in Familial Hypercholesterolemia.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2023Review
- Women, lipids, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a call to action from the European Atherosclerosis Society.European heart journal · 2023Article
- Alternative cascade-testing protocols for identifying and managing patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia: systematic reviews, qualitative study and cost-effectiveness analysis.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2023Article
- Young women with familial hypercholesterolemia have higher LDL-cholesterol burden than men: Novel data using repeated measurements during 12-years follow-up.Atherosclerosis plus · 2023Article
- Clinical Evaluation of Patients with Genetically Confirmed Familial Hypercholesterolemia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Update on Statin Use in Pregnancy.The American journal of medicine · 2023Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of Screening Algorithms for Familial Hypercholesterolaemia in Primary Care.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Case-finding and genetic testing for familial hypercholesterolaemia in primary care.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsThe UK Simon Broome (SB) familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) register previously reported 3-fold higher standardised mortality ratio for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women compared to men from 2009 to 2015. Here we examined sex differences in CVD morbidity in FH by national linkage of the SB register with Hospital Episode Statistics (HES).
methodsOf 3553 FH individuals in the SB register (aged 20-79 years at registration), 2988 (52.5% women) had linked HES records. Standardised Morbidity Ratios (SMbR) compared to an age and sex-matched UK general practice population were calculated [95% confidence intervals] for first CVD hospitalisation in HES (a composite of coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI), stable or unstable angina, stroke, TIA, peripheral vascular disease (PVD), heart failure, coronary revascularisation interventions).
resultsAt registration, men had significantly (p < 0.001) higher prevalence of previous CHD (24.8% vs 17.6%), previous MI (13.2% vs 6.3%), and were commenced on lipid-lowering treatment at a younger age than women (37.5 years vs 42.3 years). The SMbR for composite CVD was 6.83 (6.33-7.37) in men and 7.55 (6.99-8.15) in women. In individuals aged 30-50 years, SMbR in women was 50% higher than in men (15.04 [12.98-17.42] vs 10.03 [9.01-11.17]). In individuals >50 years, SMbR was 33% higher in women than men (6.11 [5.57-6.70] vs 4.59 [4.08-5.15]).
conclusionsExcess CVD morbidity due to FH remains markedly elevated in women at all ages, but especially those aged 30-50 years. This highlights the need for earlier diagnosis and optimisation of lipid-lowering risk factor management for all FH patients, with particular attention to young women with FH.
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