Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33187532›Full record

Trial reportJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2020

Effects of virtual reality training on occupational performance and self-efficacy of patients with stroke: a randomized controlled trial.

Yi Long, Rang-Ge Ouyang, Jia-Qi Zhang

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Virtual reality for stroke rehabilitation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025
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  10. Effectiveness of the Functional and Cognitive Occupational Therapy (FaCInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Yi LongDepartment of Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
Rang-Ge OuyangDepartment of Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. rangge.ouyang@connect.polyu.hk.ORCID 0000-0003-0625-520X
Jia-Qi ZhangDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundVirtual reality (VR) has been broadly applied in post-stroke rehabilitation. However, studies on occupational performance and self-efficacy as primary outcomes of stroke rehabilitation using VR are lacking. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effects of VR training on occupational performance and self-efficacy in patients with stroke.

methodsThis was an assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Sixty participants with first-ever stroke (< 1-year onset) underwent rehabilitation in a single acute hospital. Participants were randomly assigned to either the VR group (n = 30) or control group (n = 30). Both groups received dose-matched conventional rehabilitation (i.e., 45 min, five times per week over 3 weeks). The VR group received additional 45-min VR training for five weekdays over 3 weeks. The primary outcome measures were the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. Secondary outcome measures included Modified Barthel Index, Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity, and Functional Test for the Hemiplegic Upper Extremity. The assessment was conducted at baseline and after the 3-week intervention.

resultsA total of 52 participants (86.7%) completed the trial. Significant between-group differences in Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (Median Difference = 8, P = 0.043) and Modified Barthel Index (Median Difference = 10, P = 0.030) were found; however, no significant between-group differences in Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity, and Functional Test for the Hemiplegic Upper Extremity were noted. No serious adverse reactions related to the program were reported.

conclusionsAdditional VR training could help improve the self-efficacy and activities of daily living of patients with stroke; however, it was not superior to conventional training in the improvement of upper limb functions, occupational performance, and satisfaction. Nevertheless, VR could be integrated into conventional rehabilitation programs to enhance self-efficacy of patients after stroke.

trial registrationThis study was successfully registered under the title "Effects of virtual reality training on occupational performance and self-efficacy of patients with stroke" on October 13 2019 and could be located in https://www.chictr.org with the study identifier ChiCTR1900026550.

Indexed as

Activities of Daily LivingRecovery of FunctionSelf EfficacyVirtual RealityAgedCanadaFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedStrokeStroke RehabilitationOccupational performanceRehabilitationSelf-efficacyStrokeVirtual reality

Identifiers

PMID33187532
PMCPMC7666452

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.