ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Exposome and Immunity Training: How Pathogen Exposure Order Influences Innate Immune Cell Lineage Commitment and Function.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Monocytes in pneumonia: Functional plasticity and innate memory (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Gut Microbiota Resilience and Environmental Stressors: A Hidden Key to Lifespan Optimization?Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Epigenetic inflammatory memory and periodontal disease: Mechanisms and clinical significance for comorbidities.Journal of periodontology · 2026Review
- Evaluation of serum HMGB1 levels in assessing the severity of pediatric sepsis and analysis of the therapeutic efficacy of blood purification modalities.European journal of medical research · 2026Article
- Examining the Interaction between Allergic Asthma and Air Pollution: a Potential Role for Trained Immunity.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2025Review
- The role of ecoimmunology in tackling the emerging threats of climate change and the exposome.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- Immune-Epigenetic Effects of Environmental Pollutants: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Transgenerational Impact.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Testing Protein Stress Signals in Peripheral Immunocytes Under the Same Treatment Capable of Decreasing the Incidence of Alzheimer's Disease in Bladder Cancer Patients.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Infection-induced trained immunity: a twist in paradigm of innate host defense and generation of immunological memory.Infection and immunity · 2025Review
- Immunomodulation by bacterial products promotes innate signatures favorable to macrophage responses in tuberculosis infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Review
- Deciphering the Interplay between the Epithelial Barrier, Immune Cells, and Metabolic Mediators in Allergic Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- Hypothesis: hematogenous metastatic cancer cells of solid tumors may disguise themselves as memory macrophages for metastasis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Flow cytometry for extracellular vesicle characterization in COVID-19 and post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2024Review
- Interdisciplinary fetal-neonatal neurology training applies neural exposome perspectives to neurology principles and practice.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Immunomodulatory role of oral microbiota in inflammatory diseases and allergic conditions.Frontiers in allergy · 2023Review
- Why Current Therapy Does Not Cure Asthma. Is It Time to Move Towards a One Health Approach?Journal of asthma and allergy · 2023Article
- The old friends hypothesis: evolution, immunoregulation and essential microbial inputs.Frontiers in allergy · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immune memory is a defining characteristic of adaptive immunity, but recent work has shown that the activation of innate immunity can also improve responsiveness in subsequent exposures. This has been coined "trained immunity" and diverges with the perception that the innate immune system is primitive, non-specific, and reacts to novel and recurrent antigen exposures similarly. The "exposome" is the cumulative exposures (diet, exercise, environmental exposure, vaccination, genetics, etc.) an individual has experienced and provides a mechanism for the establishment of immune training or immunotolerance. It is becoming increasingly clear that trained immunity constitutes a delicate balance between the dose, duration, and order of exposures. Upon innate stimuli, trained immunity or tolerance is shaped by epigenetic and metabolic changes that alter hematopoietic stem cell lineage commitment and responses to infection. Due to the immunomodulatory role of the exposome, understanding innate immune training is critical for understanding why some individuals exhibit protective phenotypes while closely related individuals may experience immunotolerant effects (e.g., the order of exposure can result in completely divergent immune responses). Research on the exposome and trained immunity may be leveraged to identify key factors for improving vaccination development, altering inflammatory disease development, and introducing potential new prophylactic treatments, especially for diseases such as COVID-19, which is currently a major health issue for the world. Furthermore, continued exposome research may prevent many deleterious effects caused by immunotolerance that frequently result in host morbidity or mortality.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.