ReviewBrain : a journal of neurology2021
The synapse in traumatic brain injury.
Review in Brain : a journal of neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 124 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
124 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 227 citations in OpenAlex.
- Resting-State Brain Activity Changes and Their Genetic Correlates in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.Human brain mapping · 2025Pooled it
- Characteristic of clinical trials related to traumatic brain injury registered on ClinicalTrials.gov over the past two decades (2004-2023).Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- AMPA Receptor Antagonists in Preclinical Models of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Animal Studies.Neurocritical care · 2026Article
- Electroacupuncture Prevents TBI-Induced Synaptic Loss by Inhibiting CaMKII/Drp1-Dependent Mitochondrial Fission.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Lipid Metabolism in Central Nervous System Diseases: Pathological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Advances.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Transglutaminase 2 Deletion Enhances Astrocyte-to-Neuron Metabolic Support and Attenuates Subacute Pathology Following Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- An antiswelling biodegradable hydrogel reshapes electro-microenvironment to drive endogenous neuroregeneration after brain defect.Science advances · 2026Article
- Innovative Biomaterials for Modulating Neuroinflammation and Promoting Repair After Traumatic Brain Injury.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Traumatic brain injury and risk of early-onset dementia: A population-based cohort study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- The Effects of Adenosine A1/A3 Receptors Agonist on Improving the Outcomes of TBI and Stroke: Focus on AST-004.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Neurogenin-2 Reprograms Human Microglial Lineage Cells into Neurons In Vitro and in Chimeric Brains.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Elucidating Trigonelline's Therapeutic Mechanisms for Traumatic Brain Injury Through Integrated Network Pharmacology and In Vivo Validation.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Anesthetic Neuroprotection Based on Ion-Channel-Modulating Drugs in Acute Traumatic Brain Injury.Cureus · 2026Review
- Study on the Function and Mechanism of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Regulating Necroptosis Following Traumatic Brain Injury.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Synaptic control of retinal ganglion cell survival and axon regeneration.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Hydrogel with cell-cell adhesion cues enhances neural regeneration.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Metabolomics of cerebrospinal fluid following traumatic brain injury: Exploration of biomarkers for secondary injuries and severity.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Article
- A Novel NLRP3 Inhibitor AMS-17 Rescues Deficits in Long-Term Potentiation Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Adult C57Bl/6 Mice.Hippocampus · 2026Article
- Multi-omics integration reveals TIM-4 as a master regulatory hub of neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- A single mild closed-head injury disrupts synaptic strength and promotes hippocampal hyperexcitability in mice.Brain communications · 2026Article
64 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide and is a risk factor for dementia later in life. Research into the pathophysiology of TBI has focused on the impact of injury on the neuron. However, recent advances have shown that TBI has a major impact on synapse structure and function through a combination of the immediate mechanical insult and the ensuing secondary injury processes, leading to synapse loss. In this review, we highlight the role of the synapse in TBI pathophysiology with a focus on the confluence of multiple secondary injury processes including excitotoxicity, inflammation and oxidative stress. The primary insult triggers a cascade of events in each of these secondary processes and we discuss the complex interplay that occurs at the synapse. We also examine how the synapse is impacted by traumatic axonal injury and the role it may play in the spread of tau after TBI. We propose that astrocytes play a crucial role by mediating both synapse loss and recovery. Finally, we highlight recent developments in the field including synapse molecular imaging, fluid biomarkers and therapeutics. In particular, we discuss advances in our understanding of synapse diversity and suggest that the new technology of synaptome mapping may prove useful in identifying synapses that are vulnerable or resistant to TBI.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.