ArticleIEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control2021
Hydrophone Spatial Averaging Correction for Acoustic Exposure Measurements From Arrays-Part I: Theory and Impact on Diagnostic Safety Indexes.
Article in IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Fetal monitoring for high-risk pregnancies using a wearable ultrasound patch.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Overview of Diagnostic Ultrasound Safety: Review for Research and Institutional Review Boards.Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine · 2026Review
- Fetal monitoring using a wearable ultrasound patch for high-risk pregnancies.Research square · 2025Article
- Clinical, Safety, and Engineering Perspectives on Wearable Ultrasound Technology: A Review.IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control · 2024Review
- Quantifying the Impact of Imaging Through Body Walls on Shear Wave Elasticity Measurements.Ultrasound in medicine & biology · 2023Article
- Hydrophone Measurements for Biomedical Ultrasound Applications: A Review.IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control · 2023Review
- Spatiotemporal Deconvolution of Hydrophone Response for Linear and Nonlinear Beams-Part II: Experimental Validation.IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control · 2022Article
- Spatiotemporal Deconvolution of Hydrophone Response for Linear and Nonlinear Beams-Part I: Theory, Spatial-Averaging Correction Formulas, and Criteria for Sensitive Element Size.IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control · 2022Article
- Collapse pressure measurement of single hollow glass microsphere using single-beam acoustic tweezer.Ultrasonics sonochemistry · 2022Article
- Note to Physicians and Sonographers on Potential Underestimation of Acoustic Safety Indexes for Diagnostic Array Transducers.IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control · 2021Article
- Hydrophone Spatial Averaging Correction for Acoustic Exposure Measurements From Arrays-Part II: Validation for ARFI and Pulsed Doppler Waveforms.IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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1 author.
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Abstract
This article reports underestimation of mechanical index (MI) and nonscanned thermal index for bone near focus (TIB) due to hydrophone spatial averaging effects that occur during acoustic output measurements for clinical linear and phased arrays. TIB is the appropriate version of thermal index (TI) for fetal imaging after ten weeks from the last menstrual period according to the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM). Spatial averaging is particularly troublesome for highly focused beams and nonlinear, nonscanned modes such as acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) and pulsed Doppler. MI and variants of TI (e.g., TIB), which are displayed in real-time during imaging, are often not corrected for hydrophone spatial averaging because a standardized method for doing so does not exist for linear and phased arrays. A novel analytic inverse-filter method to correct for spatial averaging for pressure waves from linear and phased arrays is derived in this article (Part I) and experimentally validated in a companion article (Part II). A simulation was developed to estimate potential spatial-averaging errors for typical clinical ultrasound imaging systems based on the theoretical inverse filter and specifications for 124 scanner/transducer combinations from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 510(k) database from 2015 to 2019. Specifications included center frequency, aperture size, acoustic output parameters, hydrophone geometrical sensitive element diameter, etc. Correction for hydrophone spatial averaging using the inverse filter suggests that maximally achievable values for MI, TIB, thermal dose ( t
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