ReviewDiabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders2021
Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors: Are They All the Same? A Narrative Review of Cardiovascular Outcome Trials.
Review in Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors on haemoglobin and haematocrit levels in heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.ESC heart failure · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative cardiovascular benefits of individual SGLT2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes and heart failure: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Comparative change in HbA1c and weight outcomes between obese and non-obese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with SGLT-2 inhibitors or GLP-1 receptor agonists.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Observational
- SGLT2 inhibitor role in cardio-metabolic-renal diseases: a narrative review of recent evidence and their pharmacological, clinical and economic implications.Drugs in context · 2026Review
- From Current Therapeutics to Multitarget Ligands: A Review of Diabetes Pharmacological Treatments.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Article
- Metabolism and Chemical Degradation of New Antidiabetic Drugs: A Review of Analytical Approaches for Analysis of Glutides and Gliflozins.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Emerging concepts in heart failure management and treatment: focus on current guideline-directed medical therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.Drugs in context · 2023Review
- Diabetic kidney disease in children and adolescents: an update.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2022Review
- Paradigm shift in heart failure treatment: are cardiologists ready to use gliflozins?Heart failure reviews · 2022Review
- Clinical Parameters Affecting the Therapeutic Efficacy of SGLT-2-Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Dapagliflozin and Empagliflozin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- SGLT2 Inhibitors: Benefits for CKD and Cardiovascular Disease in Type 2 Diabetes.Current cardiology reports · 2022Review
- Personalized Type 2 Diabetes Management: An Update on Recent Advances and Recommendations.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2022Review
- Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clinically important improvements in cardiovascular risk factors and adverse cardiovascular, heart failure and renal outcomes have been observed in numerous cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) investigating the use of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors over the last 5 years. However, differences in study outcomes between the various SGLT2 inhibitor CVOTs are often challenging to interpret because of differences in the study design, participant characteristics and primary outcomes of the various trials. In clinical practice, this frequently challenges the clinician when choosing between the different SGLT2 inhibitors for a patient with type 2 diabetes and various cardiovascular or renal comorbidities. Discussion around the choice of SGLT2 inhibitor has been again revived by the recent publication of results from the VERTIS-CV, EMPEROR-reduced and DAPA-CKD trials investigating cardiovascular, heart failure and renal outcomes associated with various SGLT2 inhibitors.This narrative review gives an overview of the mechanism of action and differences in the underlying pharmacology of the various SGLT2 inhibitors and discusses the key cardiovascular, heart failure and renal outcomes from completed CVOTs for SGLT2 inhibitors. Discussion highlights important differences in the study design and participant characteristics which limit the comparison of trials and medications within this drug class.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.