ArticleThe Journal of school health2020
Buffering Effects of Racial Discrimination on School Engagement: The Role of Culturally Responsive Teachers and Caring School Police.
Article in The Journal of school health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Students' perspectives on racism and anti-racism in physical education: a systematic review.Frontiers in sociology · 2024Pooled it
- Racial Discrimination, School Climate, and Black Adolescents' Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors: A Longitudinal Moderation.Journal of community psychology · 2026Article
- Advancing School-Based Efforts to Reduce Trauma and Violence Influences on Youth.The Journal of school health · 2026Article
- School Belonging and Racial Mistreatment: Association With Substance Use Among U.S. High School Students.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Experiences of ethnic-racial discrimination, self-esteem, and subjective well-being in the Peruvian population.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- School Climate and Perceived Discrimination: Associations with Teen Mental Health.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- How Can Teachers Improve? Using Culturally Responsive Frameworks to Examine Adolescent Perspectives.Journal of adolescent research · 2025Article
- Short-Term Longitudinal Changes in Chinese American Adolescents' Mental Health Problems and School Engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Latent Transition Analysis.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Article
- Reimagining Social and Emotional Supports in Schools for Immigrant Students: A Contextual and Structural Approach.Academic pediatrics · 2024Review
- Teachers' Beliefs, Values, and Likelihood of Talking about Group-Based Discrimination.Teaching and teacher education · 2024Article
- Psychological Resources as a Buffer Between Racial/Ethnic and SES-based Discrimination and Adolescents' Academic Well-being.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2022Article
- Every School Healthy: Policy, Research, and Action.The Journal of school health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUrban black adolescents' wellbeing in the early high school years can be negatively impacted by exposure to racial discrimination. These impacts may be buffered by supportive relationships with adults at school. We considered both the protective and promotive effects of culturally responsive teachers and caring school police on school engagement for students exposed to racial discrimination across settings.
methodThis study leveraged baseline student report from a sample of urban, predominantly black high school students with elevated teacher-rated levels of aggressive behavior (N = 397 9th graders; 91.2% black; 50.4% male; J = 10 schools). Using a path model with full-information maximum likelihood estimation, we examined the associations of racial discrimination, teacher cultural responsiveness, and school police caring in relation to school engagement and school disconnection, adjusting for covariates, including family racial socialization.
resultsFrequency of racial discrimination was significantly associated with lower school engagement and greater school disconnection. Teacher cultural responsiveness was significantly, favorably associated with all outcomes. Police caring had no significant direct associations; however, there were moderation effects. When police caring was below average, increased racial discrimination was associated with significantly poorer attitudes toward school.
conclusionsFindings suggested that students' perceptions of school police caring may buffer links between racial discrimination experiences and school disconnection. Moreover, students who perceive that their teachers are culturally responsive may feel more engaged at school. Interventions to promote teachers' and school police officers' cultural responsiveness and caring may improve engagement among at-risk urban youth who experience racial discrimination.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.