ReviewClinical rheumatology2021
Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis: a review of the treatments used during the past 30 years and future directions.
Review in Clinical rheumatology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Macrophage M1/M2 Polarization Imbalance in the Pathogenesis of Immune Associated Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage: Evidence From the Study of Human Clinical Specimens.Pediatric pulmonology · 2026Article
- When history can mislead a physician: a challenging case report of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis-A case report and review of the literature.Journal of medical case reports · 2026Review
- Respiratory infection induced episode of alveolar hemorrhage (RIIEAH) in the pediatric diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: a retrospective single-center study.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis in childhood.BMJ case reports · 2025Article
- Idiopathic Pulmonary Haemorrhage, Is It Really Idiopathic?Respirology case reports · 2025Article
- Management of severe acute pulmonary haemorrhage in children.The Lancet. Child & adolescent health · 2025Review
- Neuropsychiatric Side Effects of Hydroxychloroquine in a Patient With Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis.Journal of paediatrics and child health · 2025Article
- Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis: A pediatric case report.Respiratory medicine case reports · 2025Article
- Clinical features and risk factors for recurrence of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis in children.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Observational
- Article
- An Adult Case of Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis Associated with Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysematous Change.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2024Article
- Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis misdiagnosed as haemolytic anaemia: a case report.The Journal of international medical research · 2023Article
- Rituximab in Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis in Children: A Novel and Less Toxic Treatment Option.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Adult patients with idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis: a comprehensive review of the literature.Clinical rheumatology · 2022Review
- Review
- Proposed Pathogenesis of Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis.Lung · 2022Review
- Review
- Differentiation of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis from rheumatologic and autoimmune diseases causing diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: establishing a diagnostic approach.Clinical rheumatology · 2022Review
- Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage with suspected idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis and decrease in lung diffusing capacity and chronic respiratory failure.BMJ case reports · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This paper reviews the literature on the treatment modalities for idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) used over the past 30 years, attempting to define treatment options that appear to be efficacious and safe, and in addition presents a treatment algorithm. IPH is an uncommon etiology of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. IPH is a rare disease in adults and often associated with a significant temporal delay in diagnosis. Patients present with hemoptysis, radiographic chest abnormalities, and iron deficiency anemia. Although several pathogenetic hypotheses have been proposed, IPH appears to be an immunologic disease, possibly with a genetic component. Corticosteroid therapy represents the first line of treatment, including liposome-incorporated dexamethasone palmitate (liposteroid). Additional immunomodulatory/immunosuppressive medications have been used with varying success, especially in the setting of steroid-refractory disease. Cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, hydroxychloroquine, mycophenolate mofetil, and mesenchymal cell transplantation have been attempted to improve outcome and reduce side effects. Controlled studies are needed to assess the optimal combination of medications, which are effective to control the disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.