Trial reportThe American journal of clinical nutrition2021
The impact of diets rich in low-fat or full-fat dairy on glucose tolerance and its determinants: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Impact of Low-fat and Full-fat Dairy Consumption on Glucose Homeostasis (DAIRY Study)
The Role of Plant-Based Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Molecular Characterisation in Individuals With Cardiovascular(CVD) Risk at Beacon Hospital in Selangor
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Dairy Intake on Markers of Cardiometabolic Health in Adults: A Systematic Review with Network Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- Comparison of the impact of saturated fat from full-fat yogurt or low-fat yogurt and butter on cardiometabolic factors: a randomized cross-over trial.European journal of nutrition · 2024Trial
- Assessing the validity of plasma phospholipid fatty acids as biomarkers of dairy fat intake using data from a randomized controlled intervention trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Trial
- Impact of low-fat and full-fat dairy foods on fasting lipid profile and blood pressure: exploratory endpoints of a randomized controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Trial
- A Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Effects of Full-Fat and Low-Fat Fermented Dairy Foods on Markers of Cardiometabolic Health in Adults with Overweight or Obesity and Elevated Fasting Triglycerides.Current developments in nutrition · 2026Article
- Exploring the effects of high protein versus high fat snacks on satiety, gut hormones and insulin secretion in women with overweight and obesity: A randomized clinical trial.Obesity pillars · 2025Article
- Dairy Foods: Beneficial Effects of Fermented Products on Cardiometabolic Health.Current nutrition reports · 2023Review
- Review
- Associations between dietary intake and glucose tolerance in clinical and metabolomics-based metabotypes.Genes & nutrition · 2023Article
- Low-fat dairy consumption improves intestinal immune function more than high-fat dairy in a diet-induced swine model of insulin resistance.European journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Dairy Product Consumption in Relation to Incident Prediabetes and Longitudinal Insulin Resistance in the Rotterdam Study.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Akt: A Potential Drug Target for Metabolic Syndrome.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Review
- Dairy Foods: Is Its Cardiovascular Risk Profile Changing?Current atherosclerosis reports · 2022Review
- Dairy matrix: is the whole greater than the sum of the parts?Nutrition reviews · 2021Review
- Exploring the Links between Diet and Inflammation: Dairy Foods as Case Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Review
- Dairy Consumption and 3-Year Risk of Type 2 Diabetes after Myocardial Infarction: A Prospective Analysis in the Alpha Omega Cohort.Nutrients · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDairy foods, particularly yogurt, and plasma biomarkers of dairy fat intake are consistently inversely associated with incident type 2 diabetes. Yet, few trials assessing the impact of dairy on glucose homeostasis include fermented or full-fat dairy foods.
objectivesWe aimed to compare the effects of diets rich in low-fat or full-fat milk, yogurt, and cheese on glucose tolerance and its determinants, with those of a limited dairy diet.
methodsIn this parallel-design randomized controlled trial, 72 participants with metabolic syndrome completed a 4-wk wash-in period, limiting dairy intake to ≤3 servings/wk of nonfat milk. Participants were then randomly assigned to either continue the limited dairy diet, or switch to a diet containing 3.3 servings/d of either low-fat or full-fat dairy for 12 wk. Outcome measures included glucose tolerance (area under the curve glucose during an oral-glucose-tolerance test), insulin sensitivity, pancreatic β-cell function, systemic inflammation, liver-fat content, and body weight and composition.
resultsIn the per-protocol analysis (n = 67), we observed no intervention effect on glucose tolerance (P = 0.340). Both the low-fat and full-fat dairy diets decreased the Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISI) (means ± SDs -0.47 ± 1.07 and -0.25 ± 0.91, respectively) and as compared with the limited dairy group (0.00 ± 0.92) (P = 0.012 overall). Body weight also changed differentially (P = 0.006 overall), increasing on full-fat dairy (+1.0 kg; -0.2, 1.8 kg) compared with the limited dairy diet (-0.4 kg; -2.5, 0.7 kg), whereas the low-fat dairy diet (+0.3 kg; -1.1, 1.9 kg) was not significantly different from the other interventions. Intervention effects on the Matsuda ISI remained after adjusting for changes in adiposity. No intervention effects were detected for liver fat content or systemic inflammation. Findings in intent-to-treat analyses (n = 72) were consistent.
conclusionsContrary to our hypothesis, neither dairy diet improved glucose tolerance in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Both dairy diets decreased insulin sensitivity through mechanisms largely unrelated to changes in key determinants of insulin sensitivity.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02663544.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.