ArticleNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2021
Effects of substance misuse on reward-processing in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Article in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Distinct neurobiological alterations during hedonic experience of rewards in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder: Multimodal evidence from neuroimaging meta-analyses.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Factors Associated with Reduced Clinical Response in Adult ADHD: The Role of Alcohol and Cannabis Use Disorders and Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Therapeutic Cannabis Use Motives.The Psychiatric clinics of North America · 2022Review
- Neurobehavioral maturation of motor response inhibition in adolescence - A narrative review.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2022Review
- Altered single-subject gray matter structural networks in drug-naïve attention deficit hyperactivity disorder children.Human brain mapping · 2022Article
- Effects of substance misuse on inhibitory control in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Addiction biology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Substance Use Disorder (SUD) often co-occur and are associated with treatment resistance. Both disorders are characterized by similar reward-processing deficits with decreased striatal responses to reward anticipation, though literature is inconsistent. It is unclear whether substance misuse exaggerates reward-processing deficits observed in ADHD. The aim of this study was to examine substance misuse effects on reward-processing in ADHD. Functional MRI data in a Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task from a multi-site study were compared across ADHD groups with and without substance misuse (ADHD + SM and ADHD-only, respectively) and healthy controls (n = 40/group, 74 males and 46 females, aged 13.7-25.9 years). Substance misuse was defined as misuse of alcohol, nicotine, or drugs. Groups were matched with presence/absence of parental SUD to avoid interference with SUD trait effects. Compared to ADHD-only and controls, ADHD + SM showed hyperactivation in putamen during reward anticipation. Compared to controls, the ADHD groups showed hypoactivation in motor/sensory cortices and hyperactivation in frontal pole and OFC during reward outcome. ADHD + SM also showed hyperactivation in frontal pole during neutral outcome. Moreover, ADHD + SM patients showed higher callous-unemotional (CU) traits that were positively correlated with putamen responses to reward anticipation. Our results show distinct condition-independent neural activation profile for ADHD + SM compared to ADHD-only and controls. Effects of comorbid substance misuse and variability of its prevalence across ADHD studies might have contributed to inconsistencies in ADHD literature. Contrasted with findings for reward-processing in SUD literature, results potentially suggest distinct underlying mechanisms for SUD subgroups with different characteristics, like antisocial/psychopathic traits.
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