ArticleScientific reports2020
Clustering of susceptible individuals within households can drive measles outbreaks: an individual-based model exploration.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Immunogenicity and persistence of trivalent measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Informing quarantine policy for measles control in primary school and daycare settings: insights from a simulation study, Flanders, Belgium.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- Serological Susceptibility to Measles Among International Students in South Korea After a Cluster of Cases: A Cross-Sectional Study.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Evaluating COVID-19 vaccine allocation policies using Bayesian m-top exploration.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Insights into Clustering Patterns in Romania's 2020-2024 Measles Cases.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Viral threats to pregnancy: Global health risks in the era of pandemics.Advances in virus research · 2026Review
- Spatiotemporal dynamics of the 2025-26 measles resurgence in Mexico: A national scan‑statistic analysis.PloS one · 2026Article
- Estimating the basic reproduction number of measles in low-and middle-income settings using 172 seroprevalence studies: A modelling approach.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Estimating the risk and spatial spread of measles in populations with high MMR uptake: Using school-household networks to understand the 2013 to 2014 outbreak in the Netherlands.PLoS medicine · 2024Article
- Immunological landscape of human lymphoid explants during measles virus infection.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Population age and household structures shape transmission dynamics of emerging infectious diseases: a longitudinal microsimulation approach.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2023Article
- Measles epidemic in Southern Vietnam: an age-stratified spatio-temporal model for infectious disease counts.Epidemiology and infection · 2022Article
- Article
- The impact of contact tracing and household bubbles on deconfinement strategies for COVID-19.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Dynamics of COVID-19 under social distancing measures are driven by transmission network structure.PLoS computational biology · 2021Article
- Dynamics of COVID-19 under social distancing measures are driven by transmission network structure.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2021Article
- Agent-Based Computational Epidemiological Modeling.Journal of the Indian Institute of Science · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
When estimating important measures such as the herd immunity threshold, and the corresponding efforts required to eliminate measles, it is often assumed that susceptible individuals are uniformly distributed throughout populations. However, unvaccinated individuals may be clustered in a variety of ways, including by geographic location, by age, in schools, or in households. Here, we investigate to which extent different levels of within-household clustering of susceptible individuals may impact the risk and persistence of measles outbreaks. To this end, we apply an individual-based model, Stride, to a population of 600,000 individuals, using data from Flanders, Belgium. We construct a metric to estimate the level of within-household susceptibility clustering in the population. Furthermore, we compare realistic scenarios regarding the distribution of susceptible individuals within households in terms of their impact on epidemiological measures for outbreak risk and persistence. We find that higher levels of within-household clustering of susceptible individuals increase the risk, size and persistence of measles outbreaks. Ignoring within-household clustering thus leads to underestimations of required measles elimination and outbreak mitigation efforts.
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