ReviewNature reviews. Disease primers2020
Delirium.
Review in Nature reviews. Disease primers, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to 8 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 681 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Investigation of Sleep in the Intensive Care Unit
Constructing a Model of Pupillary Parameters in Predicting Delirium Among Critically Ill Patients in the Intensive Unit
The Effect of Nutritional Status of Patients Undergoing Open-Heart Surgery on The Development Postoperative Delirium
Effect of Dexmedetomidine-Esketamine Combination for Sedation and Analgesia on Delirium in ICU Patients With Mechanical Ventilation: A Multicenter Randomized Trial
Improvement of the Delirium Management in Adult Patients Hospitalized Through the Use of Non-pharmacological Interventions
Effect of Sedation With Dexmedetomidine-esketamine Combination on Delirium in Postoperative ICU Patients: a Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial
Transauricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation (taVNS) for Delirium
Exogenous Ketone Ester Supplementation in ICU Delirium (KETONES ICU)
Who cites it
681 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness of drug interventions to prevent delirium after surgery for older adults: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2026Pooled it
- Molecular and topographic mapping of antipsychotic effects: a meta-analysis of postsynaptic density proteins in animal models with translational implications.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Inflammation and delirium in critically Ill patients: a review.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Dissecting the genetic and proteomic risk factors for delirium.Nature aging · 2026Pooled it
- Risk prediction models for delirium in ICU patients: a systematic review and critical appraisal.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Pooled it
- Nursing workload during delirium: a systematic literature review.Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin · 2025Pooled it
- Preventive effects of early mobilisation on delirium incidence in critically ill patients: systematic review and meta-analysis.Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin · 2025Pooled it
- Delirium among older adults living at home: a systematic review of prevalence, incidence, and risk factors.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Role of Peripheral Inflammation in Delirium.Brain and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Transcranial Electrical Stimulation and Delirium Among Postoperative Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Multisensory virtual reality reduces postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery: A single-centre randomised controlled trial.European journal of anaesthesiology · 2026Trial
- Effect of HA380 hemoadsorption on postoperative delirium in elderly cardiac surgery patients: a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Efficacy of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients Undergoing Non-Cardiac Major Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Brain and behavior · 2026Trial
- Effect of Intranasal Dexmedetomidine on the Night Before Surgery for Postoperative Delirium in Older Patients Undergoing Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing the Feasibility and Acceptability of Family-Partnered Delirium Prevention, Detection, and Management in Critically Ill Adults: The Activating Family Caregivers in the Identification Prevention and Management of Delirium (ACTIVATE) Study.Critical care explorations · 2025Trial
- Presurgical Sleep-Wake Disturbance and Postoperative Delirium: A Prospective Cohort Study.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2026Article
- Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary estimates of a multimodal AKTIVER Heart Delirium Prevention Program in patients indicated for cardiac surgery: study protocol of a randomized controlled PREVENT POstoperative Delirium (PREVENT-POD) Pilot Study.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2026Article
- Lung microbiome features associated with ICU delirium in mechanically ventilated patients: a secondary cohort analysis.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- [Treatment of delirium with psychotropic drugs-update 2026].Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie · 2026Review
- Article
621 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Delirium, a syndrome characterized by an acute change in attention, awareness and cognition, is caused by a medical condition that cannot be better explained by a pre-existing neurocognitive disorder. Multiple predisposing factors (for example, pre-existing cognitive impairment) and precipitating factors (for example, urinary tract infection) for delirium have been described, with most patients having both types. Because multiple factors are implicated in the aetiology of delirium, there are likely several neurobiological processes that contribute to delirium pathogenesis, including neuroinflammation, brain vascular dysfunction, altered brain metabolism, neurotransmitter imbalance and impaired neuronal network connectivity. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) is the most commonly used diagnostic system upon which a reference standard diagnosis is made, although many other delirium screening tools have been developed given the impracticality of using the DSM-5 in many settings. Pharmacological treatments for delirium (such as antipsychotic drugs) are not effective, reflecting substantial gaps in our understanding of its pathophysiology. Currently, the best management strategies are multidomain interventions that focus on treating precipitating conditions, medication review, managing distress, mitigating complications and maintaining engagement to environmental issues. The effective implementation of delirium detection, treatment and prevention strategies remains a major challenge for health-care organizations globally.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.