Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33183408›Full record

ArticleEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin2020

Rates of increase of antibiotic resistance and ambient temperature in Europe: a cross-national analysis of 28 countries between 2000 and 2016.

Sarah F McGough, Derek R MacFadden, Mohammad W Hattab, Kåre Mølbak, Mauricio Santillana

Erratum issuedAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
60citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Climate change and antimicrobial resistance.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Temperature-Associated Prevalence and Multidrug Resistance ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
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  13. Lactic acid bacterial strains isolated fromFrontiers in microbiology · 2026
    Article
  14. [S1 guideline on sustainability in intensive care and emergency medicine].Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Sarah F McGoughHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, United States.
Derek R MacFaddenHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, United States.
Mohammad W HattabWyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.
Kåre MølbakStatens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Mauricio SantillanaHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, United States.

Funding

Development of an Open-Source and Data-Driven Modeling Platform to Monitor and Forecast Disease ActivityR01GM130668 · NIGMS · NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY · PI SANTILLANA, MAURICIO · 2018 to 2022
$1.9M
NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM130668
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BackgroundThe rapid increase of bacterial antibiotic resistance could soon render our most effective method to address infections obsolete. Factors influencing pathogen resistance prevalence in human populations remain poorly described, though temperature is known to contribute to mechanisms of spread.AimTo quantify the role of temperature, spatially and temporally, as a mechanistic modulator of transmission of antibiotic resistant microbes.MethodsAn ecologic analysis was performed on country-level antibiotic resistance prevalence in three common bacterial pathogens across 28 European countries, collectively representing over 4 million tested isolates. Associations of minimum temperature and other predictors with change in antibiotic resistance rates over 17 years (2000-2016) were evaluated with multivariable models. The effects of predictors on the antibiotic resistance rate change across geographies were quantified.ResultsDuring 2000-2016, for

Indexed as

Drug Resistance, BacterialTemperatureAnti-Bacterial AgentsEuropeHumansAnti-Bacterial Agentsantibiotic resistanceEuropetemperature

Identifiers

PMID33183408
PMCPMC7667635

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.