ReviewParticle and fibre toxicology2020
Immunotoxicity and intestinal effects of nano- and microplastics: a review of the literature.
Review in Particle and fibre toxicology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06107933 (Developmental Impacts of MicroPLastics Exposure in Early Life), which is not on this map. Cited by 182 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Developmental Impacts of MicroPLastics Exposure in Early Life
Who cites it
182 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 673 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of microplastics on the mice gut microbiome: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Pooled it
- Invisible invaders: unveiling the carcinogenic threat of microplastics and nanoplastics in colorectal cancer-a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Microplastics in the Pathogenesis of Periodontal Diseases: A Narrative Review.Annals of global health · 2025Pooled it
- Toxicological effects of micro/nano-plastics on mouse/rat models: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Microplastic content of over-the-counter toothpastes - a systematic review.F1000Research · 2023Pooled it
- PET micro/nanoplastic exposure alters the physicochemical fingerprint of epirubicin-albumin mixtures and modulates bacterial growth and stress responses inRSC advances · 2026Article
- Review
- Micro- and Nanoplastics in the Human Exposome: Environmental Pathways, Kidney Toxicity, and Implications for Public Health Risk Assessment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Beyond the Status Quo: Particulate Matter Standards in Oral Dosage Forms.Journal of xenobiotics · 2026Review
- Micro- and Nanoplastics in the Environment: Analytical Approaches, Environmental Fate, Life Cycle, and Remediation Strategies-A Scoping Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Biofilms on microplastics across ecological systems: Formation mechanisms, community composition, environmental impacts, and ecotoxicity.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
- Article
- Dietary Microplastic Exposure in Athletes: Implications for Metabolism, Gut Health, and Performance.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Article
- Microplastics, nanoplastics and liver disease: an emerging health concern?Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- Dietary Intake of Micro- and Nanoplastics: Potential Adverse GI Effects on Microbiome, Inflammation, and Neoplasia.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Spatial Detection of Microsphere Polystyrene Plastics and Molecular Remodeling within a Full-Body Mouse with MALDI Trapped Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Imaging.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Article
- Microplastic Interaction in the Parasite Infection of Commercial Marine Puffer Fishes (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae) of the Campeche Coast, Mexico.Acta parasitologica · 2026Article
- Ingested microplastics and gastrointestinal health: a comprehensive review of their role in gut inflammation and dysbiosis.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Hepatotoxicity induced by polylactic acid microplastics: The mediating role of gut microbiota and uric acid metabolism.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
122 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTogether with poor biodegradability and insufficient recycling, the massive production and use of plastics have led to widespread environmental contamination by nano- and microplastics. These particles accumulate across ecosystems - even in the most remote habitats - and are transferred through food chains, leading to inevitable human ingestion, that adds to the highest one due to food processes and packaging.
objectiveThe present review aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of current knowledge regarding the effects of nano- and microplastics on intestinal homeostasis.
methodsWe conducted a literature search focused on the in vivo effects of nano- and microplastics on gut epithelium and microbiota, as well as on immune response.
resultsNumerous animal studies have shown that exposure to nano- and microplastics leads to impairments in oxidative and inflammatory intestinal balance, and disruption of the gut's epithelial permeability. Other notable effects of nano- and microplastic exposure include dysbiosis (changes in the gut microbiota) and immune cell toxicity. Moreover, microplastics contain additives, adsorb contaminants, and may promote the growth of bacterial pathogens on their surfaces: they are potential carriers of intestinal toxicants and pathogens that can potentially lead to further adverse effects.
conclusionDespite the scarcity of reports directly relevant to human, this review brings together a growing body of evidence showing that nano- and microplastic exposure disturbs the gut microbiota and critical intestinal functions. Such effects may promote the development of chronic immune disorders. Further investigation of this threat to human health is warranted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.