ArticleViruses2020
CD4 and CD8 Lymphocyte Counts as Surrogate Early Markers for Progression in SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia: A Prospective Study.
Article in Viruses, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Low CD3+ and CD4+ T cell levels predict need for ventilatory support and in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 excretion and genetic evolution in nasopharyngeal and stool samples from primary immunodeficiency and immunocompetent pediatric patients.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing-Assisted Risk Prediction and Stratification of Infections After Kidney Transplantation: A Case Study of COVID-19.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Construction and Verification of Risk Predictive Nomogram in Patients of Connective Tissue Disease with Severe Pneumonia.International journal of general medicine · 2025Article
- Observational
- Safety Profile of COVID-19 Vaccines in HIV Patients Undergoing ART and Their Impact on Immune Recovery and HIV Reservoirs.Infectious diseases & immunity · 2024Article
- Predicting COVID 19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis Risk in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Matched Case-Control Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Identifying Mortality Predictors in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: Insights from a Single-Center Retrospective Study at a University Hospital.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Article
- Understanding Immune Responses to Viruses-Do Underlying Th1/Th2 Cell Biases Predict Outcome?Viruses · 2022Review
- Dysregulated Immune Responses in SARS-CoV-2-Infected Patients: A Comprehensive Overview.Viruses · 2022Review
- Pathological effects of SARS-CoV-2 on hematological and immunological cells: Alterations in count, morphology, and function.Pathology, research and practice · 2022Review
- Evaluation of the Levels of Peripheral CD3Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 persistence in immunocompromised children.Pediatric blood & cancer · 2021Article
- Characterization of humoral and SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell responses in people living with HIV.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Applications of laboratory findings in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of COVID-19.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2021Review
- Low CD4 T cell count predicts radiological progression in severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients: a case control study.Journal of thoracic disease · 2021Article
- Viral loads, lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in asymptomatic, mildly and critical symptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective study.Virology journal · 2021Article
- Characterization of humoral and SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell responses in people living with HIV.Research square · 2021Article
- Characterization of humoral and SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell responses in people living with HIV.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCOVID-19 pathophysiology and the predictive factors involved are not fully understood, but lymphocytes dysregulation appears to play a role. This paper aims to evaluate lymphocyte subsets in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and as predictive factors for severe disease. PATIENT AND
methodsA prospective cohort study of patients with SARS-CoV-2 bilateral pneumonia recruited at hospital admission. Demographics, medical history, and data regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection were recorded. Patients systematically underwent complete laboratory tests, including parameters related to COVID-19 as well as lymphocyte subsets study at the time of admission. Severe disease criteria were established at admission, and patients were classified on remote follow-up according to disease evolution. Linear regression models were used to assess associations with disease evolution, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) and the corresponding Area Under the Curve (AUC) were used to evaluate predictive values.
resultsPatients with critical COVID-19 showed a decrease in CD3+CD4+ T cells count compared to non-critical (278 (485 IQR) vs. 545 (322 IQR)), a decrease in median CD4+/CD8+ ratio (1.7, (1.7 IQR) vs. 3.1 (2.4 IQR)), and a decrease in median CD4+MFI (21,820 (4491 IQR) vs. 26,259 (3256 IQR)), which persisted after adjustment. CD3+CD8+ T cells count had a high correlation with time to hospital discharge (PC = -0.700 (-0.931, -0.066)). ROC curves for predictive value showed lymphocyte subsets achieving the best performances, specifically CD3+CD4+ T cells (AUC = 0.756), CD4+/CD8+ ratio (AUC = 0.767), and CD4+MFI (AUC = 0.848).
conclusionsA predictive value and treatment considerations for lymphocyte subsets are suggested, especially for CD3CD4+ T cells. Lymphocyte subsets determination at hospital admission is recommended.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.