ArticleJournal of the American College of Cardiology2020
Associations of Late Adolescent or Young Adult Cardiovascular Health With Premature Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality.
Article in Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 152 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of combined aerobic and resistance training on cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight/obese adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Cardiovascular Health, 2010 to 2020: A Systematic Review of a Decade of Research on Life's Simple 7.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Pooled it
- Cardiovascular Health Disparities in Adults of Color Aged 18 to 50: A Systematic Review.The Journal of cardiovascular nursingPooled it
- Cardiovascular health among young adults: Do childhood neighborhoods matter?SSM - population health · 2026Article
- Early life adversity and cardiometabolic risk in adolescents: Comparison of dimensional and cumulative approaches to adversity.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2026Article
- Dietary carbohydrate quality and fiber-rich food intake are associated with heart failure stages: the CARDIA study.Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Changes in Coronary Artery Calcium Distribution and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Maternal Cardiovascular Health During Pregnancy and Offspring Developmental Delay.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Qualitative analysis of the impact of top surgery on physical activity in transmasculine and non-binary adolescents and young adults: a pilot study.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Incident Hypertension in Young Adults With a Mild Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Reduction.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Design of the School-Based SI! Program Reintervention Trial for Child Health Promotion.JACC. Advances · 2026Article
- Trends in cardiovascular health based on Life's Essential 8 among Korean adults, 2007-2023.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- Global Burden of Cardiovascular Disease: What Should Be Expected in the Next 25 Years?Current cardiology reports · 2026Review
- Lifestyle Medicine and Cardiovascular Health.American journal of lifestyle medicine · 2026Review
- Mental health status and cardiovascular outcomes across Life's Essential 8 categories.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular disease mortality trends in young adults aged 18-34 years, United States, 2000-2023.Annals of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Very High Prevalence of Nonoptimally Controlled Traditional Risk Factors at the Onset of Cardiovascular Disease.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular Health Changes in Young Adults and Risk of Later-Life Cardiovascular Disease.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Associations of adverse childhood experiences with midlife cardiovascular health in women.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Article
- Current status of cardiovascular health among US adults using the American heart association's new "life's essential 8": Results from the National health and nutrition examination survey, 2017-2023.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWhen measured in adolescence or young adulthood, cardiovascular health (CVH) is associated with future subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD), but data are lacking regarding CVD events or mortality.
objectivesThis study examined associations of CVH at ages 18 to 30 years with premature CVD and mortality.
methodsThis study analyzed data from the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study). CVH was scored at baseline (1985 to 1986) using Life's Simple 7 metrics and categorized as high (12 to 14 points), moderate (8 to 11), or low (0 to 7). CVD events and cause-specific mortality were adjudicated over 32 years of follow-up. Adjusted associations were estimated using Cox models and event rates and population attributable fractions were calculated by CVH category.
resultsAmong 4,836 participants (mean age: 24.9 years, 54.8% female, 50.5% Black, mean education: 15.2 years), baseline CVH was high (favorable) in 28.8%, moderate in 65.0%, and low in 6.3%. During follow-up, 306 CVD events and 431 deaths occurred. The adjusted hazard ratios for high (vs. low) CVH were 0.14 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09 to 0.22) for CVD and 0.07 (95% CI: 0.03 to 0.19) for CVD mortality, and the population attributable fractions for combined moderate or low (vs. high) CVH were 0.63 (95% CI: 0.47 to 0.74) for CVD and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.55 to 0.92) for CVD mortality. Among individuals with high CVH, event rates were low across sociodemographic subgroups (e.g., CVD rates per 1,000 person-years: age 18 to 24 years, 0.64; age 25 to 30 years, 0.65; men, 1.04; women, 0.36; Blacks, 0.90; Whites, 0.50; up to/through high-school education, 1.00; beyond high-school education, 0.61).
conclusionsHigh CVH in late adolescence or young adulthood was associated with very low rates of premature CVD and mortality over 32 years, indicating the critical importance of maintaining high CVH.
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