Trial reportPloS one2020
Health education improves referral compliance of persons with probable Diabetic Retinopathy: A randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03658980 (Integrating Diabetic Retinopathy Into Mainstream Health System in Bangladesh), which is not on this map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Integrating Diabetic Retinopathy Into Mainstream Health System in Bangladesh
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dissemination and implementation science for global ophthalmology: closing the last-mile translational gap.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Implementation of diabetic retinopathy screening in the Oslo region, Norway: a 3-year pilot study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- High Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in an Outpatient Podiatry Clinic and Associated Barriers to Ophthalmic Care.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Eye care interventions that reduce access inequities for women, rural residents and older people in low-middle-income countries: a scoping review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Influential Factors for Self-Management Among Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy: A Structural Equation Model Analysis.Patient preference and adherence · 2024Article
- Influence of feedforward control-based health education intervention on compliance, visual function and self-perceived burden among patients with diabetic retinopathy.African health sciences · 2023Article
- Integrated people-centered eye care: A scoping review on engaging communities in eye care in low- and middle-income settings.PloS one · 2023Article
- Effect of health system on the association of rurality and level of disadvantage with receipt of diabetic eye screening.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2022Article
- Impact of Artificial Intelligence Assessment of Diabetic Retinopathy on Referral Service Uptake in a Low-Resource Setting: The RAIDERS Randomized Trial.Ophthalmology science · 2022Article
- Causes and Risk Factors of Repeated Hospitalization among Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy.Journal of diabetes research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveLack of awareness about Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is the most commonly cited reason why many persons with type 2 diabetes are non-compliant with referral instruction to undergo retinal screening. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a culturally, geographically and socially appropriate, locally adapted five-month-long health education on referral compliance of participants.
methodA prospective randomized, open-label parallel group study was conducted on persons with type 2 diabetes who underwent basic eye screening at a diabetes hospital between September 2017 and August 2018. Participants who were noncompliant with referral instruction to visit a hospital for advanced DR management were randomly divided into health education intervention group (n = 143) and control group (n = 156). Both groups received information regarding DR and referral instruction at the diabetes hospital. The intervention group was provided personalized education followed by telephonic reminders. The primary endpoint was 'increase in referral compliance' and the secondary endpoint was 'increase in knowledge of DR'. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify significant predictors of compliance to referral.
resultsA total of nine participants dropped and 290 completed the post intervention survey. The compliance rate in intervention group was found to be significantly higher than the control group (64.3% vs 28.2%; OR 4.73; 95% CI 2.87-7.79; p<0.001). Participants in the intervention group acquired better knowledge on DR (p<0.05). Apart from intervention, referral compliance rate was also found to be significantly associated with participants' self-perception of vision problem (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.02-4.01; p = 0.045) and participants' income (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.06-1.44; p = 0.008). DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that intensive health education on DR should be integrated with diabetes education as it may result in significantly improved referral compliance. Outcomes may be sustainable if interventions are institutionalized at referral point.
trial registrationClinical Trials.gov (Registration # NCT03658980); https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03658980.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.