Trial reportPloS one2020
Evaluating the effectiveness of a group-based resilience intervention versus psychoeducation for emergency responders in England: A randomised controlled trial.
Trial report in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Interventions to Support Health, Wellbeing, and Job Satisfaction for Emergency Call Handlers in the Ambulance, Police, and Fire Services.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2026Pooled it
- Resilience enhancement interventions for disaster rescue workers: a systematic review.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Resilience-based interventions in the public sector workplace: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Individual-level interventions for reducing occupational stress in healthcare workers.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- What Works to Improve Wellbeing? A Rapid Systematic Review of 223 Interventions Evaluated with the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scales.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Emergency First Responders and Professional Wellbeing: A Qualitative Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Individual Resilience Interventions: A Systematic Review in Adult Population Samples over the Last Decade.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Proactive Resilience Programmes for Improving Resilience and Psychological Adaptation in Employees in High-Risk Occupations: A Systematic Review.Campbell systematic reviews · 2026Review
- Interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder among first responders: implications for public health response and system resilience.International journal of emergency medicine · 2026Review
- Mapping intervention strategies and mental health support journeys in addressing mental health challenges among healthcare professionals - a scoping review.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- The role of self-efficacy in internet-based interventions for mental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Internet interventions · 2025Review
- Psychological health and safety of criminal justice workers: a scoping review of strategies and supporting research.Health & justice · 2025Article
- Mental Health and Work: A Systematic Review of the Concept.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Modelling incidence and mortality cancer parameters with respect to GLOBOCAN 2020Age standardized world estimates.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Nursing Intervention for Preventing Cyberbullying and Reducing Its Negative Impact on Students: A Scoping Review.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2023Article
- Mindfulness Intervention for Improving Psychological Wellbeing Among Students During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2023Article
- Assessing the impact of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) protocol and Emotional Resilience Skills Training (ERST) among diverse public safety personnel.BMC psychology · 2022Article
- The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) Study: protocol for a prospective investigation of mental health risk and resilience factors.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2022Article
- A Qualitative Analysis of the Mental Health Training and Educational Needs of Firefighters, Paramedics, and Public Safety Communicators in Canada.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEmergency responders are routinely exposed to traumatic critical incidents and other occupational stressors that place them at higher risk of mental ill health compared to the general population. There is some evidence to suggest that resilience training may improve emergency responders' wellbeing and related health outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a tertiary service resilience intervention compared to psychoeducation for improving psychological outcomes among emergency workers.
methodsWe conducted a multicentre, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial. Minim software was used to randomly allocate police, ambulance, fire, and search and rescue services personnel, who were not suffering from depression or post-traumatic stress disorder, to Mind's group intervention or to online psychoeducation on a 3:1 basis. The resilience intervention was group-based and included stress management and mindfulness tools for reducing stress. It was delivered by trained staff at nine centres across England in six sessions, one per week for six weeks. The comparison intervention was psychoeducation about stress and mental health delivered online, one module per week for six weeks. Primary outcomes were assessed by self-report and included wellbeing, resilience, self-efficacy, problem-solving, social capital, confidence in managing mental health, and number of days off work due to illness. Follow-up was conducted at three months. Blinding of participants, researchers and outcome assessment was not possible due to the type of interventions.
resultsA total of 430 participants (resilience intervention N = 317; psychoeducation N = 113) were randomised and included in intent-to-treat analyses. Linear Mixed-Effects Models did not show a significant difference between the interventions, at either the post-intervention or follow-up time points, on any outcome measure.
conclusionsThe limited success of this intervention is consistent with the wider literature. Future refinements to the intervention may benefit from targeting predictors of resilience and mental ill health.
trial registrationISRCTN registry, ISRCTN79407277.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.