ArticleThe Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association2022
Differences in Loneliness Across the Rural-Urban Continuum Among Adults Living in Washington State.
Article in The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review of social media use among rural US adolescents and associated health outcomes.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Loneliness and social networks of older adults in rural communities: a narrative synthesis systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Geographic Variation in Loneliness and Social Isolation in Australia: Socio-Demographic and Healthcare Utilisation Determinants.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Prevalence of Loneliness and Social Isolation by Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Other Factors: Estimates From the 2024 Household Pulse Survey.Community mental health journal · 2026Article
- Poor Mental Health Days and Depression by Farming Occupation and Sociodemographic Factors: BRFSS 2019 Data from 13 States.Journal of agromedicine · 2026Article
- Hiding in plain sight: Cooperative Extension as an underutilized approach to improving cancer survivorship outcomes in underserved populations.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2026Article
- Urban mental health: a position paper of the European psychiatric association.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Review
- Insomnia, Social Disconnectedness, and Suicidal Ideation Severity in Underserved Veterans.Cognitive therapy and research · 2025Article
- Loneliness and social infrastructure in rural America: A cross-sectional analysis of existing relationships.Wellbeing, space and society · 2025Article
- Social Well-Being among Rural County Fair Attendees: Results from a Pilot Study.Rural mental health · 2025Article
- A lack of sexual autonomy is associated with increased loneliness in young mothers.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Discharge disposition for home health care patients with Alzheimer's disease and related dementia: The role of living arrangements and rural living.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2025Article
- Prevalence and predictors of loneliness among university students: A cross-sectional study.PLOS mental health · 2025Article
- Determinants of early mental health help-seeking among women in Bangladesh: A nationally representative bootstrapped regression analysis.PLOS mental health · 2025Article
- Loneliness-associated factors among older adults: Focus on friendship type and number of friends.Japan journal of nursing science : JJNS · 2025Article
- Association Between Loneliness and the Use of Medical Institutions and Pharmacies in Urban Japan.Cureus · 2025Article
- Social and Mental Health Factors Involved in the Severity of Loneliness in Older Individuals in a Spanish Rural Area.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2024Article
- Health equity in urban and rural settings: implementation of the place standard tool in Spain.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Loneliness in young people: a multilevel exploration of social ecological influences and geographic variation.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Rural depopulation and the rural-urban gap in cognitive functioning among older adults.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeRural residents may be at higher risk for loneliness than urban residents due to factors such as social isolation, poorer health, and socioeconomic disadvantage. To date, there have been few studies examining rural-urban differences in loneliness among adults in the United States. We examined differences in loneliness across the rural-urban continuum among adult residents living in Washington State.
methodsStratified random sampling was used to select 2,575 adults from small rural, large rural, suburban, and urban areas who were invited to complete a survey on factors affecting health. Data were obtained from 616 adults (278 from small rural, 100 from large rural, 98 from suburban, and 140 from urban areas) from June 2018 through October 2019. Loneliness was measured using the UCLA Loneliness Scale (3rd version). Multivariable linear and logistic regressions were used to examine geographic differences in loneliness (measured continuously and dichotomously).
findingsMean unadjusted loneliness scores were lower in suburban compared to urban areas (35.06 vs 38.57, P = .03). The prevalence of loneliness was 50.7%, 59.0%, 40.8%, and 54.3% in small rural, large rural, suburban, and urban areas, respectively. Suburban living was associated with lower odds for being lonely compared to urban living (unadjusted OR = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.34-0.98), but this association was not statistically significant in the adjusted model (OR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.33-1.19).
conclusionLoneliness is a prevalent health issue across the rural-urban continuum among Washington State adults.
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