ReviewImmunoTargets and therapy2020
Emerging Role of Fractalkine in the Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases.
Review in ImmunoTargets and therapy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02960438 (A Dose Response Study of E6011 in Subjects With Rheumatoid Arthritis Inadequately Responding to Methotrexate), which is not on this map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Dose Response Study of E6011 in Subjects With Rheumatoid Arthritis Inadequately Responding to Methotrexate
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- An overview of the role of chemokine CX3CL1 (Fractalkine) and CX3C chemokine receptor 1 in systemic sclerosis.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Pooled it
- The role of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis as potential inflammatory biomarkers in subjects with periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Pooled it
- Nicotine self-administration suppresses both pro- and anti-inflammatory accumbens cytokines but does not induce apoptosis in female rats.Addiction neuroscience · 2026Article
- Fractalkine and CX3CR1 Levels in Gingivitis and Stage 3 Periodontitis Patients Following Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy: A Prospective Clinical Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Glycosaminoglycan binding to soluble CX3CL1 impacts monocyte migrationFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Special Issue "Fractalkine (CX3CL1) and Its Chemoattractant and Adhesion Molecule Properties in Health and Disease".International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Targeting CX3CR1 Signaling Dynamics: A Critical Determinant in the Temporal Regulation of Post-Stroke Neurorepair.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- A placebo-controlled Phase 2 trial of E6011, anti-human fractalkine monoclonal antibody, in primary biliary cholangitis.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2025Article
- Transcriptomic analysis reveals TME-mediated macrophage IFIT1 upregulation and CX3CR1 suppression drive osteosarcoma progression.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the levels of Fractalkine (CX3CL1), TNF-α, and TGF-β in the gingival crevicular fluid/tissue of patients with gingival overgrowth: a cross-sectional observational study.Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB · 2025Observational
- Endoneurial immune interplay in peripheral nerve repair: insights and implications for future therapeutic interventions.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- Comprehensive analysis and validation of autophagy-related gene in rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Article
- Fractalkine/CX3CL1 and macrophage inflammatory protein- 1β/CCL4 activity in the rat ovary with induced ovarian hyperstimulation.Turkish journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2024Article
- Cytokine profiles and their correlation with clinical and blood parameters in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- CX3CL1 (Fractalkine)-CX3CR1 Axis in Inflammation-Induced Angiogenesis and Tumorigenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Chemokine expression in sera of patients with microscopic polyangiitis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- MDIC3: Matrix decomposition to infer cell-cell communication.Patterns (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Fractalkine Signalling (CXJournal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- CX3CL1 induces cell migration and invasion through ICAM-1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2023Article
- Long-Circulating Lipid Nanospheres Loaded with Flurbiprofen Axetil for Targeted Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment.International journal of nanomedicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that affects joints and is characterized by synovial hyperplasia and bone erosion associated with neovascularization and infiltration of proinflammatory cells. The introduction of biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs has dramatically changed the treatment of RA over the last 20 years. However, fewer than 50% of RA patients enter remission, and 10-15% are treatment refractory. There is currently no cure for RA. Fractalkine (FKN, also known as CX3CL1) is a cell membrane-bound chemokine that can be induced on activated vascular endothelial cells. FKN has dual functions as a cell adhesion molecule and a chemoattractant. FKN binds specifically to the chemokine receptor CX3CR1, which is selectively expressed on subsets of immune cells such as patrolling monocytes and killer lymphocytes. The FKN-CX3CR1 axis is thought to play important roles in the initiation of the inflammatory cascade and can contribute to exacerbation of tissue injury in inflammatory diseases. Accordingly, studies in animal models have shown that inhibition of the FKN-CX3CR1 axis not only improves rheumatic diseases but also reduces associated complications, such as pulmonary fibrosis and cardiovascular disease. Recently, a humanized anti-FKN monoclonal antibody, E6011, showed promising efficacy with a dose-dependent clinical response and favorable safety profile in a Phase 2 clinical trial in patients with RA (NCT02960438). Taken together, the preclinical and clinical results suggest that E6011 may represent a new therapeutic approach for rheumatic diseases by suppressing a major contributor to inflammation and mitigating concomitant cardiovascular and fibrotic diseases. In this review, we describe the role of the FKN-CX3CR1 axis in rheumatic diseases and the therapeutic potential of anti-FKN monoclonal antibodies to fulfill unmet clinical needs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.