SynthesisFrontiers in neuroinformatics2020
A Systemic Review of Available Low-Cost EEG Headsets Used for Drowsiness Detection.
Synthesis in Frontiers in neuroinformatics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- EEG-Based BCIs on Motor Imagery Paradigm Using Wearable Technologies: A Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Pooled it
- Past, Present, and Future of EEG-Based BCI Applications.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Pooled it
- A randomized controlled trial (RCT) to explore the effect of audio-visual entrainment among psychological disorders.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2022Trial
- Validation of portable, semi-dry electrode-based electroencephalography device for its application in brain-computer interface solutions.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Advancing Dry Electroencephalography With Scalable, Soft, and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Compatible TiAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- A comprehensive evaluation framework for consumer-grade EEG devices: signal quality, robustness, and usability.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Wearable EEG devices in the detection of mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Physiological Assessment of Mental Stress in Construction Workers Under High-Risk Working Conditions: ECG-Based Field Measurements on Inexperienced Scaffolders.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Watching live performances enhances subjective and physiological emotional responses compared to viewing the same performance on screen.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Article
- High alpha oscillations in portable prefrontal EEG indicate gender-sensitive biomarkers for emotional disorders.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Improved drowsiness detection in drivers through optimum pairing of EEG features using an optimal EEG channel comparable to a multichannel EEG system.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2025Article
- Neurophysiological Markers of Design-Induced Cognitive Changes: A Feasibility Study with Consumer-Grade Mobile EEG.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Monitoring Construction Workers' Mental Workload Due to Heat Exposure Using Heart Rate Variability and Eye Movement: A Study on Pipe Workers.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Technology for measuring freezing of gait: Current state of the art and recommendations.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2025Review
- Multiple entropy fusion predicts driver fatigue using forehead EEG.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Evaluation of consumer-grade wireless EEG systems for brain-computer interface applications.Biomedical engineering letters · 2024Article
- HEROIC: a platform for remote collection of electroencephalographic data using consumer-grade brain wearables.BMC bioinformatics · 2024Article
- Decisional brain of lawyers at the workplace. A neurolaw pilot study.Cognitive neurodynamics · 2024Article
- Article
- EEG Amplitude Modulation Analysis across Mental Tasks: Towards Improved Active BCIs.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Drowsiness is a leading cause of traffic and industrial accidents, costing lives and productivity. Electroencephalography (EEG) signals can reflect awareness and attentiveness, and low-cost consumer EEG headsets are available on the market. The use of these devices as drowsiness detectors could increase the accessibility of safety and productivity-enhancing devices for small businesses and developing countries. We conducted a systemic review of currently available, low-cost, consumer EEG-based drowsiness detection systems. We sought to determine whether consumer EEG headsets could be reliably utilized as rudimentary drowsiness detection systems. We included documented cases describing successful drowsiness detection using consumer EEG-based devices, including the Neurosky MindWave, InteraXon Muse, Emotiv Epoc, Emotiv Insight, and OpenBCI. Of 46 relevant studies, ~27 reported an accuracy score. The lowest of these was the Neurosky Mindwave, with a minimum of 31%. The second lowest accuracy reported was 79.4% with an OpenBCI study. In many cases, algorithmic optimization remains necessary. Different methods for accuracy calculation, system calibration, and different definitions of drowsiness made direct comparisons problematic. However, even basic features, such as the power spectra of EEG bands, were able to consistently detect drowsiness. Each specific device has its own capabilities, tradeoffs, and limitations. Widely used spectral features can achieve successful drowsiness detection, even with low-cost consumer devices; however, reliability issues must still be addressed in an occupational context.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.